Neem Essential Oil as an Antifungal Agent against Phyllosticta citricarpa
The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS‐free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa...
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| Vydáno v: | International journal of microbiology Ročník 2024; číslo 1; s. 6251407 |
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Egypt
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
2024
Wiley |
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| Abstract | The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS‐free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa , and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC‐MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μ L·mL −1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC‐MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μ L·mL −1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL −1 ) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export. |
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| AbstractList | The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS‐free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa , and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC‐MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μ L·mL −1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC‐MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μ L·mL −1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL −1 ) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export. The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μL·mL−1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μL·mL−1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL−1) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export. The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μL·mL-1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μL·mL-1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL-1) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export.The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 μL·mL-1 exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100 μL·mL-1 also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL-1) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export. The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against P. citricarpa for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for P. citricarpa, and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. In vivo assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100μ L·mL[sup.-1] exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68±1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. In vivo assays showed that NEO at 100μ L·mL[sup.-1] also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL[sup.-1]) by 93.00±3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against P. citricarpa in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export. The fungus is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a sanitation process to ensure disease control. In this study, neem essential oil (NEO) was tested against for the first time as an alternative sanitizer. experiments were conducted to determine the inhibition concentration of NEO for , and the mode of action of the essential oil was evaluated. assays were performed to simulate the sanitization process used in packinghouses. NEO was characterized by GC-MS/MS. The results revealed that NEO at 100 L·mL exhibited a similar inhibitory effect as copper oxychloride, suppressing 89.68 ± 1.14% of fungal mycelium growth. Fluorescence microscopy experiments demonstrated that NEO functions by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane of fungal hyphae, leading to their death within 30 minutes of contact with NEO. GC-MS/MS characterization revealed a high presence of phenolic compounds, which serve as the primary antifungal agents responsible for the action against fungal hyphae. assays showed that NEO at 100 L·mL also reduced microorganisms (CFU mL ) by 93.00 ± 3.88% compared to the negative control. Overall, the results demonstrate that NEO can effectively serve as an alternative sanitizer against in citrus packinghouses. Our findings allow future studies to explore the use of NEO for sanitizing other fruits and combating different phytopathogens to broaden its potential application in fruit sanitation for export. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Matos Lopes, Paulo Renato Bidoia, Ederio Dino Mendes, Carolina Rosai Cardoso, Guilherme Lopes André da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan, Carlos Schuch, Joyce Maria Montagnolli, Renato Nallin Dilarri, Guilherme |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joyce Maria surname: Schuch fullname: Schuch, Joyce Maria – sequence: 2 givenname: Carolina Rosai orcidid: 0000-0003-0008-7372 surname: Mendes fullname: Mendes, Carolina Rosai – sequence: 3 givenname: Guilherme Lopes orcidid: 0009-0001-9366-1611 surname: Cardoso fullname: Cardoso, Guilherme Lopes – sequence: 4 givenname: Carlos orcidid: 0009-0009-6797-5068 surname: André da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan fullname: André da Veiga Lima Rosa Costamilan, Carlos – sequence: 5 givenname: Paulo Renato orcidid: 0000-0003-4886-5292 surname: Matos Lopes fullname: Matos Lopes, Paulo Renato – sequence: 6 givenname: Renato Nallin orcidid: 0000-0003-3801-9631 surname: Montagnolli fullname: Montagnolli, Renato Nallin – sequence: 7 givenname: Guilherme orcidid: 0000-0003-2625-7392 surname: Dilarri fullname: Dilarri, Guilherme – sequence: 8 givenname: Ederio Dino orcidid: 0000-0001-7040-1983 surname: Bidoia fullname: Bidoia, Ederio Dino |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39071039$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2024 Joyce Maria Schuch et al. COPYRIGHT 2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2024 Joyce Maria Schuch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
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| Snippet | The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS‐free... The fungus is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free countries, they must undergo a... The fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is a quarantine phytopathogen responsible for causing citrus black spot (CBS) disease. To export fruits to CBS-free... |
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| SubjectTerms | Antifungal agents Black spot Black spot fungus Citrus Citrus fruits Copper Copper oxychloride Cytoplasmic membranes Disease Disease control Essential oils Fluorescence Fluorescence microscopy Fruits Fungi Fungicides Hyphae In vivo methods and tests Laboratories Leaves Medical research Medicine, Experimental Microorganisms Mode of action Neem Oils & fats Organic chemicals Pathogens Phenolic compounds Phenols Phyllosticta citricarpa Quarantine Sanitation Sanitizers Software |
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| Title | Neem Essential Oil as an Antifungal Agent against Phyllosticta citricarpa |
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