Exploring the Effects of Stellar Magnetism on the Potential Habitability of Exoplanets

Considerable interest has centered on Earth-like planets orbiting in the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) of its star. However, the potential habitability of an exoplanet depends upon a number of additional factors, including the presence and strength of any planetary magnetic field and the intera...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Astrophysical journal Jg. 969; H. 2; S. 147 - 157
Hauptverfasser: Atkinson, Anthony S., Alexander, David, Farrish, Alison O.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.07.2024
IOP Publishing
Schlagworte:
Circumstellar habitable zone
Exoplanets
Extrasolar planets
Habitability
Habitable planets
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Magnetic fields
Magnetism
Planet detection
Planetary magnetic fields
Planetary orbits
Planetary rotation
Planets
Rossby number
Solar activity
Solar magnetic field
Solar magnetic fields
Solar wind
Solar-planetary interactions
Space weather
Star-planet interactions
Stars
Stellar activity
Stellar magnetic fields
Stellar rotation
Stellar winds
Terrestrial planets
Turnover time
ISSN:0004-637X, 1538-4357
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Abstract Considerable interest has centered on Earth-like planets orbiting in the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) of its star. However, the potential habitability of an exoplanet depends upon a number of additional factors, including the presence and strength of any planetary magnetic field and the interaction of this field with that of the host star. Not only must the exoplanet have a strong enough magnetic field to shield against stellar activity, but it must also orbit far enough from the star to avoid direct magnetic connectivity. We characterize stellar activity by the star’s Rossby number, Ro, the ratio of stellar rotation rate to convective turnover time. We employ a scaled model of the solar magnetic field to determine the star’s Alfvén radius, the distance at which the stellar wind becomes super-Alfvénic. Planets residing within the Alfvén surface may have a direct magnetic connection to the star and therefore not be the most viable candidates for habitability. Here, we determine the Rossby number of a sample of 1053 exoplanet-hosting stars for which the rotation rates have been observed and for which a convective turnover time can be calculated. We find that 84 exoplanets in our sample have orbits which lie inside the CHZ and that also lie outside the star’s Alfvén surface: 34 of these have been classified as terran (11) or superterran (23) planets. Applying the Alfvén surface habitability criterion yields a subset of the confirmed exoplanets that may be optimal targets for future observations in the search for signatures of life.
AbstractList Considerable interest has centered on Earth-like planets orbiting in the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ) of its star. However, the potential habitability of an exoplanet depends upon a number of additional factors, including the presence and strength of any planetary magnetic field and the interaction of this field with that of the host star. Not only must the exoplanet have a strong enough magnetic field to shield against stellar activity, but it must also orbit far enough from the star to avoid direct magnetic connectivity. We characterize stellar activity by the star’s Rossby number, Ro, the ratio of stellar rotation rate to convective turnover time. We employ a scaled model of the solar magnetic field to determine the star’s Alfvén radius, the distance at which the stellar wind becomes super-Alfvénic. Planets residing within the Alfvén surface may have a direct magnetic connection to the star and therefore not be the most viable candidates for habitability. Here, we determine the Rossby number of a sample of 1053 exoplanet-hosting stars for which the rotation rates have been observed and for which a convective turnover time can be calculated. We find that 84 exoplanets in our sample have orbits which lie inside the CHZ and that also lie outside the star’s Alfvén surface: 34 of these have been classified as terran (11) or superterran (23) planets. Applying the Alfvén surface habitability criterion yields a subset of the confirmed exoplanets that may be optimal targets for future observations in the search for signatures of life.
Author Farrish, Alison O.
Atkinson, Anthony S.
Alexander, David
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Anthony S.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0888-5416
  surname: Atkinson
  fullname: Atkinson, Anthony S.
  organization: Rice University Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: David
  surname: Alexander
  fullname: Alexander, David
  organization: Rice University Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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  givenname: Alison O.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0944-2334
  surname: Farrish
  fullname: Farrish, Alison O.
  organization: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Mail Code 674, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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SubjectTerms Circumstellar habitable zone
Exoplanets
Extrasolar planets
Habitability
Habitable planets
Interplanetary magnetic fields
Magnetic fields
Magnetism
Planet detection
Planetary magnetic fields
Planetary orbits
Planetary rotation
Planets
Rossby number
Solar activity
Solar magnetic field
Solar magnetic fields
Solar wind
Solar-planetary interactions
Space weather
Star-planet interactions
Stars
Stellar activity
Stellar magnetic fields
Stellar rotation
Stellar winds
Terrestrial planets
Turnover time
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Title Exploring the Effects of Stellar Magnetism on the Potential Habitability of Exoplanets
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