A Systematic Review of Instruments That Measure Attitudes Toward Homosexual Men

Scientific interest in the measurement of homophobia and internalized homophobia has grown over the past 30 years, and new instruments and terms have emerged. To help researchers with the challenging task of identifying appropriate measures for studies in sexual-minority health, we reviewed measures...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of sex research Vol. 50; no. 3-4; pp. 329 - 352
Main Authors: Grey, Jeremy A., Robinson, Beatrice "Bean" E., Coleman, Eli, Bockting, Walter O.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Taylor & Francis Group 01.04.2013
Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
ARSR REVIEW ARTICLES
Attitudes
Authoritarianism
Criteria
Gays & lesbians
Gender differences
Gender roles
Health behavior
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
HIV
Homophobia
Homophobia - history
Homophobia - psychology
Homosexuality
Homosexuality, Male - history
Homosexuality, Male - psychology
Homosexuals
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Identity formation
Internalization
LGBTQ people
Male
Measurement
Measures
Men
Mental health
Political attitudes
Psychometrics - history
Psychometrics - instrumentation
Reliability
Religious beliefs
Sampling
Sexual behavior
Sexuality
Systematic review
Validity
Variables
ISSN:0022-4499, 1559-8519, 1559-8519
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Scientific interest in the measurement of homophobia and internalized homophobia has grown over the past 30 years, and new instruments and terms have emerged. To help researchers with the challenging task of identifying appropriate measures for studies in sexual-minority health, we reviewed measures of homophobia published in the academic literature from 1970 to 2012. Instruments that measured attitudes toward male homosexuals/homosexuality or measured homosexuals' internalized attitudes toward homosexuality were identified using measurement manuals and a systematic review. A total of 23 instruments met criteria for inclusion, and their features were summarized and compared. All 23 instruments met minimal criteria for adequate scale construction, including scale development, sampling, reliability, and evidence of validity. Validity evidence was diverse and was categorized as interaction with gay men, HIV/AIDS variables, mental health, and conservative religious or political beliefs. Homophobia was additionally correlated with authoritarianism and bias, gender ideology, gender differences, and reactions to homosexual stimuli. Internalized homophobia was validated by examining relationships with disclosing one's homosexuality and level of homosexual identity development. We hope this review will make the process of instrument selection more efficient by allowing researchers to easily locate, evaluate, and choose the proper measure based on their research question and population of interest.
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ISSN:0022-4499
1559-8519
1559-8519
DOI:10.1080/00224499.2012.746279