Model-based minimization algorithm of a supercritical helium loop consumption subject to operational constraints

Supercritical helium loops at 4.2 K are the baseline cooling strategy of tokamaks superconducting magnets (JT-60SA, ITER, DEMO, etc.). This loops work with cryogenic circulators that force a supercritical helium flow through the superconducting magnets in order that the temperature stay below the wo...

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Published in:	IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 278; no. 1; pp. 12116 - 12123
Main Authors:	Bonne, F, Bonnay, P, Girard, A, Hoa, C, Lacroix, B, Coz, Q Le, Nicollet, S, Poncet, J-M, Zani, L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Bristol IOP Publishing 01.12.2017
Subjects:	Algorithms Consortia Constraints Energy consumption Helium Liquid helium Nuclear power plants Optimization Power consumption Superconducting magnets Superconductivity Supercritical flow Tokamak devices
ISSN:	1757-8981, 1757-899X
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Abstract	Supercritical helium loops at 4.2 K are the baseline cooling strategy of tokamaks superconducting magnets (JT-60SA, ITER, DEMO, etc.). This loops work with cryogenic circulators that force a supercritical helium flow through the superconducting magnets in order that the temperature stay below the working range all along their length. This paper shows that a supercritical helium loop associated with a saturated liquid helium bath can satisfy temperature constraints in different ways (playing on bath temperature and on the supercritical flow), but that only one is optimal from an energy point of view (every Watt consumed at 4.2 K consumes at least 220 W of electrical power). To find the optimal operational conditions, an algorithm capable of minimizing an objective function (energy consumption at 5 bar, 5 K) subject to constraints has been written. This algorithm works with a supercritical loop model realized with the Simcryogenics [2] library. This article describes the model used and the results of constrained optimization. It will be possible to see that the changes in operating point on the temperature of the magnet (e.g. in case of a change in the plasma configuration) involves large changes on the cryodistribution optimal operating point. Recommendations will be made to ensure that the energetic consumption is kept as low as possible despite the changing operating point. This work is partially supported by EUROfusion Consortium through the Euratom Research and Training Program 20142018 under Grant 633053.
AbstractList	Supercritical helium loops at 4.2 K are the baseline cooling strategy of tokamaks superconducting magnets (JT-60SA, ITER, DEMO, etc.). This loops work with cryogenic circulators that force a supercritical helium flow through the superconducting magnets in order that the temperature stay below the working range all along their length. This paper shows that a supercritical helium loop associated with a saturated liquid helium bath can satisfy temperature constraints in different ways (playing on bath temperature and on the supercritical flow), but that only one is optimal from an energy point of view (every Watt consumed at 4.2 K consumes at least 220 W of electrical power). To find the optimal operational conditions, an algorithm capable of minimizing an objective function (energy consumption at 5 bar, 5 K) subject to constraints has been written. This algorithm works with a supercritical loop model realized with the Simcryogenics [2] library. This article describes the model used and the results of constrained optimization. It will be possible to see that the changes in operating point on the temperature of the magnet (e.g. in case of a change in the plasma configuration) involves large changes on the cryodistribution optimal operating point. Recommendations will be made to ensure that the energetic consumption is kept as low as possible despite the changing operating point. This work is partially supported by EUROfusion Consortium through the Euratom Research and Training Program 20142018 under Grant 633053.
Author	Hoa, C Nicollet, S Zani, L Bonne, F Lacroix, B Coz, Q Le Poncet, J-M Girard, A Bonnay, P
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Cites_doi	10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.02.004 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012171
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Consortia Constraints Energy consumption Helium Liquid helium Nuclear power plants Optimization Power consumption Superconducting magnets Superconductivity Supercritical flow Tokamak devices
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Title	Model-based minimization algorithm of a supercritical helium loop consumption subject to operational constraints
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