On–Off Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging in Two-Links Charging Stations Using Binary Optimization Approaches

In this study, we deal with the problem of scheduling charging periods of electrical vehicles (EVs) to satisfy the users’ demands for energy consumption as well as to optimally utilize the available power. We assume three-phase EV charging stations, each equipped with two charging ports (links) that...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 21; p. 7149
Main Authors: Zdunek, Rafał, Grobelny, Andrzej, Witkowski, Jerzy, Gnot, Radosław Igor
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 28.10.2021
MDPI
Subjects:
binary linear programming
binary quadratic programming
Cost control
Electric vehicles
electrical vehicles
Electricity distribution
Energy
EV charging scheduling
Inequality
Linear programming
Optimization techniques
Power supply
Scheduling
ISSN:1424-8220, 1424-8220
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In this study, we deal with the problem of scheduling charging periods of electrical vehicles (EVs) to satisfy the users’ demands for energy consumption as well as to optimally utilize the available power. We assume three-phase EV charging stations, each equipped with two charging ports (links) that can serve up to two EVs in the scheduling period but not simultaneously. Considering such a specification, we propose an on–off scheduling scheme wherein control over an energy flow is achieved by flexibly switching the ports in each station on and off in a manner such as to satisfy the energy demand of each EV, flatten the high energy-consuming load on the whole farm, and to minimize the number of switching operations. To satisfy these needs, the on–off scheduling scheme is formulated in terms of a binary linear programming problem, which is then extended to a quadratic version to incorporate the smoothness constraints. Various algorithmic approaches are used for solving a binary quadratic programming problem, including the Frank–Wolfe algorithm and successive linear approximations. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the latter is scalable, efficient, and flexible in a charging procedure, and it shaves the load peak while maintaining smooth charging profiles.
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ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s21217149