How butterflies keep their cool: Physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends

Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine‐scale changes in air temperature, and whether species‐specific responses...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The Journal of animal ecology Jg. 89; H. 11; S. 2440 - 2450
Hauptverfasser:	Bladon, Andrew J., Lewis, Matthew, Bladon, Eleanor K., Buckton, Sam J., Corbett, Stuart, Ewing, Steven R., Hayes, Matthew P., Hitchcock, Gwen E., Knock, Richard, Lucas, Colin, McVeigh, Adam, Menéndez, Rosa, Walker, Jonah M., Fayle, Tom M., Turner, Edgar C., Zipkin, Elise
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2020
Schlagworte:	Air temperature animal ecology Animals behavioural thermoregulation Body Temperature Regulation Buffers Butterflies Climate Change Cold Temperature Conservation data collection Ecological effects Ecosystem generalist habitats Interspecific interspecific variation Microclimate Morphology Population decline population trends specialist Species Temperature Thermoregulation Thorax Trends Wildlife conservation United Kingdom > UK microclimate butterflies specialist behavioural thermoregulation population trends generalist temperature climate change
ISSN:	0021-8790, 1365-2656, 1365-2656
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Abstract	Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine‐scale changes in air temperature, and whether species‐specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits. Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine‐scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK‐wide dataset. We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine‐scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature‐sensitive species. The ability of individual animals to respond to local temperature changes will determine how species respond to climate change. The authors found marked differences in the ability of 29 butterfly species to ‘buffer’ their body temperature against changes in air temperature, and show that species' buffering mechanisms predict their population trend.
AbstractList	Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine-scale changes in air temperature, and whether species-specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits. Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine-scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK-wide dataset. We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine-scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature-sensitive species. Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine‐scale changes in air temperature, and whether species‐specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits. Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine‐scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK‐wide dataset. We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine‐scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature‐sensitive species. The ability of individual animals to respond to local temperature changes will determine how species respond to climate change. The authors found marked differences in the ability of 29 butterfly species to ‘buffer’ their body temperature against changes in air temperature, and show that species' buffering mechanisms predict their population trend. Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine-scale changes in air temperature, and whether species-specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits. Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine-scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK-wide dataset. We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine-scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature-sensitive species.Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine-scale changes in air temperature, and whether species-specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits. Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine-scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK-wide dataset. We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine-scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature-sensitive species. Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change. We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine‐scale changes in air temperature, and whether species‐specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits. Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine‐scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK‐wide dataset. We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine‐scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature‐sensitive species. Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate change.We investigated how a community of butterflies responded to fine‐scale changes in air temperature, and whether species‐specific responses were predicted by ecological or morphological traits.Using data collected across a UK reserve network, we investigated the ability of 29 butterfly species to buffer thoracic temperature against changes in air temperature. First, we tested whether differences were attributable to taxonomic family, morphology or habitat association. We then investigated the relative importance of two buffering mechanisms: behavioural thermoregulation versus fine‐scale microclimate selection. Finally, we tested whether species' responses to changing temperatures predicted their population trends from a UK‐wide dataset.We found significant interspecific variation in buffering ability, which varied between families and increased with wing length. We also found interspecific differences in the relative importance of the two buffering mechanisms, with species relying on microclimate selection suffering larger population declines over the last 40 years than those that could alter their temperature behaviourally.Our results highlight the importance of understanding how different species respond to fine‐scale temperature variation, and the value of taking microclimate into account in conservation management to ensure favourable conditions are maintained for temperature‐sensitive species.
Author	Corbett, Stuart Hayes, Matthew P. Lewis, Matthew Knock, Richard Menéndez, Rosa Ewing, Steven R. Bladon, Andrew J. Bladon, Eleanor K. Fayle, Tom M. Turner, Edgar C. Buckton, Sam J. Lucas, Colin Walker, Jonah M. Hitchcock, Gwen E. McVeigh, Adam Zipkin, Elise
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969021$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Understanding which factors influence the ability of individuals to respond to changing temperatures is fundamental to species conservation under climate...
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SubjectTerms	Air temperature animal ecology Animals behavioural thermoregulation Body Temperature Regulation Buffers Butterflies Climate Change Cold Temperature Conservation data collection Ecological effects Ecosystem generalist habitats Interspecific interspecific variation Microclimate Morphology Population decline population trends specialist Species Temperature Thermoregulation Thorax Trends Wildlife conservation
Title	How butterflies keep their cool: Physical and ecological traits influence thermoregulatory ability and population trends
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