Hidden influence of fire on locally rare and cryptic reptile species

Fire responses in animal communities have been well studied, but little is known about the effects of fire on rare species due to limitations in data and modeling frameworks. Using a suite of methods to account for rarity, dominance, and incomplete sampling, we aimed to determine how post‐fire succe...

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Published in:Ecology (Durham) Vol. 106; no. 6; pp. e70121 - n/a
Main Authors: Smith, Annabel L., Lim, Amber Shuo Ying
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2025
Ecological Society of America
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ISSN:0012-9658, 1939-9170, 1939-9170
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Abstract Fire responses in animal communities have been well studied, but little is known about the effects of fire on rare species due to limitations in data and modeling frameworks. Using a suite of methods to account for rarity, dominance, and incomplete sampling, we aimed to determine how post‐fire succession influenced locally rare and cryptic reptile species in semiarid mallee woodlands in southern Australia. Contemporary fires in this system are typically high‐intensity wildfires or prescribed fires, which raze aboveground vegetation. Reptiles were sampled from pitfall traps over two summer seasons (1400 trap nights) at 14 sites spanning three fire history categories based on time since the last fire: recently burnt (2–3 years post fire), medium (7–9 years), and long unburnt (42–48 years). The data comprised 2138 individual reptiles from 41 species. The effects of fire history were evident in diversity metrics where proportional abundances were weighted toward rare species (Shannon's Diversity, Fisher's α), but not in those emphasizing common species (Simpson's Diversity, Berger–Parker Index) or species richness. There were no effects of fire history on the richness or abundance of locally rare species when examined directly. However, fire effects on rare species diversity were detectable in one sub‐assemblage including 20 species with fewer than eight total observations. This result indicated higher diversity in unburnt habitat; an effect that was masked when numerically dominant species were included in the analysis. When accounting for incomplete sampling using rarefaction and extrapolation, unburnt habitat was more diverse, accumulated species more quickly, and required a greater sampling effort to obtain sample coverage comparable to recently burnt and medium habitat. Overall, common and abundant reptile species appeared to dominate recently burnt and mid‐succession habitats, while reptile communities in long unburnt habitat were more diverse because they had more rare or cryptic species. The data suggest that responses of rare species to fire history are harder to detect than common, dominant species which are often favored by disturbance (and scientific research). Fire management which maintains some early‐ and mid‐successional habitat, while strategically conserving unburnt habitat, should benefit rare and cryptic reptile species in this system.
AbstractList Fire responses in animal communities have been well studied, but little is known about the effects of fire on rare species due to limitations in data and modeling frameworks. Using a suite of methods to account for rarity, dominance, and incomplete sampling, we aimed to determine how post‐fire succession influenced locally rare and cryptic reptile species in semiarid mallee woodlands in southern Australia. Contemporary fires in this system are typically high‐intensity wildfires or prescribed fires, which raze aboveground vegetation. Reptiles were sampled from pitfall traps over two summer seasons (1400 trap nights) at 14 sites spanning three fire history categories based on time since the last fire: recently burnt (2–3 years post fire), medium (7–9 years), and long unburnt (42–48 years). The data comprised 2138 individual reptiles from 41 species. The effects of fire history were evident in diversity metrics where proportional abundances were weighted toward rare species (Shannon's Diversity, Fisher's α), but not in those emphasizing common species (Simpson's Diversity, Berger–Parker Index) or species richness. There were no effects of fire history on the richness or abundance of locally rare species when examined directly. However, fire effects on rare species diversity were detectable in one sub‐assemblage including 20 species with fewer than eight total observations. This result indicated higher diversity in unburnt habitat; an effect that was masked when numerically dominant species were included in the analysis. When accounting for incomplete sampling using rarefaction and extrapolation, unburnt habitat was more diverse, accumulated species more quickly, and required a greater sampling effort to obtain sample coverage comparable to recently burnt and medium habitat. Overall, common and abundant reptile species appeared to dominate recently burnt and mid‐succession habitats, while reptile communities in long unburnt habitat were more diverse because they had more rare or cryptic species. The data suggest that responses of rare species to fire history are harder to detect than common, dominant species which are often favored by disturbance (and scientific research). Fire management which maintains some early‐ and mid‐successional habitat, while strategically conserving unburnt habitat, should benefit rare and cryptic reptile species in this system.
Fire responses in animal communities have been well studied, but little is known about the effects of fire on rare species due to limitations in data and modeling frameworks. Using a suite of methods to account for rarity, dominance, and incomplete sampling, we aimed to determine how post-fire succession influenced locally rare and cryptic reptile species in semiarid mallee woodlands in southern Australia. Contemporary fires in this system are typically high-intensity wildfires or prescribed fires, which raze aboveground vegetation. Reptiles were sampled from pitfall traps over two summer seasons (1400 trap nights) at 14 sites spanning three fire history categories based on time since the last fire: recently burnt (2-3 years post fire), medium (7-9 years), and long unburnt (42-48 years). The data comprised 2138 individual reptiles from 41 species. The effects of fire history were evident in diversity metrics where proportional abundances were weighted toward rare species (Shannon's Diversity, Fisher's α), but not in those emphasizing common species (Simpson's Diversity, Berger-Parker Index) or species richness. There were no effects of fire history on the richness or abundance of locally rare species when examined directly. However, fire effects on rare species diversity were detectable in one sub-assemblage including 20 species with fewer than eight total observations. This result indicated higher diversity in unburnt habitat; an effect that was masked when numerically dominant species were included in the analysis. When accounting for incomplete sampling using rarefaction and extrapolation, unburnt habitat was more diverse, accumulated species more quickly, and required a greater sampling effort to obtain sample coverage comparable to recently burnt and medium habitat. Overall, common and abundant reptile species appeared to dominate recently burnt and mid-succession habitats, while reptile communities in long unburnt habitat were more diverse because they had more rare or cryptic species. The data suggest that responses of rare species to fire history are harder to detect than common, dominant species which are often favored by disturbance (and scientific research). Fire management which maintains some early- and mid-successional habitat, while strategically conserving unburnt habitat, should benefit rare and cryptic reptile species in this system.Fire responses in animal communities have been well studied, but little is known about the effects of fire on rare species due to limitations in data and modeling frameworks. Using a suite of methods to account for rarity, dominance, and incomplete sampling, we aimed to determine how post-fire succession influenced locally rare and cryptic reptile species in semiarid mallee woodlands in southern Australia. Contemporary fires in this system are typically high-intensity wildfires or prescribed fires, which raze aboveground vegetation. Reptiles were sampled from pitfall traps over two summer seasons (1400 trap nights) at 14 sites spanning three fire history categories based on time since the last fire: recently burnt (2-3 years post fire), medium (7-9 years), and long unburnt (42-48 years). The data comprised 2138 individual reptiles from 41 species. The effects of fire history were evident in diversity metrics where proportional abundances were weighted toward rare species (Shannon's Diversity, Fisher's α), but not in those emphasizing common species (Simpson's Diversity, Berger-Parker Index) or species richness. There were no effects of fire history on the richness or abundance of locally rare species when examined directly. However, fire effects on rare species diversity were detectable in one sub-assemblage including 20 species with fewer than eight total observations. This result indicated higher diversity in unburnt habitat; an effect that was masked when numerically dominant species were included in the analysis. When accounting for incomplete sampling using rarefaction and extrapolation, unburnt habitat was more diverse, accumulated species more quickly, and required a greater sampling effort to obtain sample coverage comparable to recently burnt and medium habitat. Overall, common and abundant reptile species appeared to dominate recently burnt and mid-succession habitats, while reptile communities in long unburnt habitat were more diverse because they had more rare or cryptic species. The data suggest that responses of rare species to fire history are harder to detect than common, dominant species which are often favored by disturbance (and scientific research). Fire management which maintains some early- and mid-successional habitat, while strategically conserving unburnt habitat, should benefit rare and cryptic reptile species in this system.
Author Smith, Annabel L.
Lim, Amber Shuo Ying
AuthorAffiliation 1 School of the Environment University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
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  givenname: Amber Shuo Ying
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Issue 6
Keywords diversity
incomplete sampling
woodland
community ecology
detectability
dominance
fire ecology
rarity
Language English
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2020; 34
2023; 60
2014; 45
2007; 13
2025; 52
2016; 283
2018; 24
2017; 51
2010; 44
2016; 6
2016; 7
2005; 19
2022; 5
2005; 8
2019; 47
2022; 12
2022; 97
2021; 130
2022; 103
2020; 29
2023; 32
2021; 27
2017; 1
2010; 58
2023; 34
1984; 124
2019; 56
2022; 69
2013; 168
2015; 348
2013; 280
1999; 80
2008; 141
2017; 31
2021; 32
2014; 4
1994; 345
2020; 1
2013; 11
2015; 40
2003; 6
2020; 370
2010; 74
2021; 9
2012; 145
2021; 2
2015; 18
2024; 51
2018; 428
2011; 34
2002
2014; 84
2022; 835
2017; 212
2020; 108
2002; 29
2021; 11
2015; 29
2013; 38
2025; 380
2000; 37
2022
2020
2020; 117
2016; 61
2014
2011; 48
2024; 291
Burnham K. P. (e_1_2_9_13_1) 2002
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Rabinowitz D. (e_1_2_9_88_1) 1981
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Snippet Fire responses in animal communities have been well studied, but little is known about the effects of fire on rare species due to limitations in data and...
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StartPage e70121
SubjectTerms Animals
Australia
Biodiversity
community ecology
Cryptic species
detectability
diversity
dominance
Dominant species
fire ecology
Fires
Habitats
incomplete sampling
Mallee
Pitfall traps
Population Dynamics
Prescribed fire
Rare species
Rarefaction
rarity
Reptiles
Reptiles & amphibians
Reptiles - classification
Reptiles - physiology
Sampling
Small mammals
Species diversity
Species richness
Wildfires
woodland
Woodlands
Title Hidden influence of fire on locally rare and cryptic reptile species
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fecy.70121
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40544360
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3228987921
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3223349892
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12182722
Volume 106
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