Occupation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 108 960 workers during the first pandemic wave in Germany
The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 February-31 August 2020). We used the data of 108 960 workers who participated in a COVID follow-up survey of the German N...
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| Vydáno v: | Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health Ročník 48; číslo 6; s. 446 - 456 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Finland
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
01.09.2022
Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH) |
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| ISSN: | 0355-3140, 1795-990X, 1795-990X |
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| Abstract | The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 February-31 August 2020).
We used the data of 108 960 workers who participated in a COVID follow-up survey of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Occupational characteristics were derived from the German Classification of Occupations 2010 (Klassifikation der Berufe 2010). PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were assessed from self-reports. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using robust Poisson regression, adjusted for person-time at risk, age, sex, migration background, study center, working hours, and employment relationship.
The IR was 3.7 infections per 1000 workers [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.1]. IR differed by occupational sector, with the highest rates observed in personal (IR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0-5.6) and business administration (IR 3.4, 95% CI 2.8-3.9) services and the lowest rates in occupations related to the production of goods (IR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6). Infections were more frequent among essential workers compared with workers in non-essential occupations (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.59-2.40) and among highly skilled compared with skilled professions (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.72).
The results emphasize higher infection risks in essential occupations and personal-related services, especially in the healthcare sector. Additionally, we found evidence that infections were more common in higher occupational status positions at the beginning of the pandemic. |
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| AbstractList | OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 February–31 August 2020). METHODS: We used the data of 108 960 workers who participated in a COVID follow-up survey of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Occupational characteristics were derived from the German Classification of Occupations 2010 (Klassifikation der Berufe 2010). PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were assessed from self-reports. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using robust Poisson regression, adjusted for person-time at risk, age, sex, migration background, study center, working hours, and employment relationship. RESULTS: The IR was 3.7 infections per 1000 workers [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3–4.1]. IR differed by occupational sector, with the highest rates observed in personal (IR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0–5.6) and business administration (IR 3.4, 95% CI 2.8–3.9) services and the lowest rates in occupations related to the production of goods (IR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5–2.6). Infections were more frequent among essential workers compared with workers in non-essential occupations (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.59–2.40) and among highly skilled compared with skilled professions (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07–1.72). CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize higher infection risks in essential occupations and personal-related services, especially in the healthcare sector. Additionally, we found evidence that infections were more common in higher occupational status positions at the beginning of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 February-31 August 2020).OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 February-31 August 2020).We used the data of 108 960 workers who participated in a COVID follow-up survey of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Occupational characteristics were derived from the German Classification of Occupations 2010 (Klassifikation der Berufe 2010). PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were assessed from self-reports. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using robust Poisson regression, adjusted for person-time at risk, age, sex, migration background, study center, working hours, and employment relationship.METHODSWe used the data of 108 960 workers who participated in a COVID follow-up survey of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Occupational characteristics were derived from the German Classification of Occupations 2010 (Klassifikation der Berufe 2010). PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were assessed from self-reports. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using robust Poisson regression, adjusted for person-time at risk, age, sex, migration background, study center, working hours, and employment relationship.The IR was 3.7 infections per 1000 workers [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.1]. IR differed by occupational sector, with the highest rates observed in personal (IR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0-5.6) and business administration (IR 3.4, 95% CI 2.8-3.9) services and the lowest rates in occupations related to the production of goods (IR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6). Infections were more frequent among essential workers compared with workers in non-essential occupations (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.59-2.40) and among highly skilled compared with skilled professions (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.72).RESULTSThe IR was 3.7 infections per 1000 workers [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.1]. IR differed by occupational sector, with the highest rates observed in personal (IR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0-5.6) and business administration (IR 3.4, 95% CI 2.8-3.9) services and the lowest rates in occupations related to the production of goods (IR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6). Infections were more frequent among essential workers compared with workers in non-essential occupations (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.59-2.40) and among highly skilled compared with skilled professions (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.72).The results emphasize higher infection risks in essential occupations and personal-related services, especially in the healthcare sector. Additionally, we found evidence that infections were more common in higher occupational status positions at the beginning of the pandemic.CONCLUSIONSThe results emphasize higher infection risks in essential occupations and personal-related services, especially in the healthcare sector. Additionally, we found evidence that infections were more common in higher occupational status positions at the beginning of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 February-31 August 2020). We used the data of 108 960 workers who participated in a COVID follow-up survey of the German National Cohort (NAKO). Occupational characteristics were derived from the German Classification of Occupations 2010 (Klassifikation der Berufe 2010). PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were assessed from self-reports. Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using robust Poisson regression, adjusted for person-time at risk, age, sex, migration background, study center, working hours, and employment relationship. The IR was 3.7 infections per 1000 workers [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-4.1]. IR differed by occupational sector, with the highest rates observed in personal (IR 4.8, 95% CI 4.0-5.6) and business administration (IR 3.4, 95% CI 2.8-3.9) services and the lowest rates in occupations related to the production of goods (IR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5-2.6). Infections were more frequent among essential workers compared with workers in non-essential occupations (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.59-2.40) and among highly skilled compared with skilled professions (IRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07-1.72). The results emphasize higher infection risks in essential occupations and personal-related services, especially in the healthcare sector. Additionally, we found evidence that infections were more common in higher occupational status positions at the beginning of the pandemic. |
| Author | Schmidt, Börge Formazin, Maren Michels, Karin B. Rigó, Mariann Castell, Stefanie Berger, Klaus Kuss, Oliver Seidler, Andreas Latza, Ute Schipf, Sabine Meinke-Franze, Claudia Dragano, Nico Klee, Bianca Pischon, Tobias Reuter, Marvin Öztürk, Ilter Bohn, Barbara Albrecht, Stefan Leitzmann, Michael Greiser, Karin Halina Ahrens, Wolfgang Brenner, Hermann Holleczek, Bernd Karch, André Krause, Gérard Lampl, Benedikt MJ Liebers, Falk Deckert, Andreas Mikolajczyk, Rafael Starke, Karla Romero Jöckel, Karl-Heinz Zeeb, Hajo |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany 16 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University,Heidelberg, Germany 9 Regensburg Department of Public Health, Germany 2 Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany 5 German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Div. of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany 13 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany 12 Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany 17 NAKO e.V. Heidelberg, Germany 19 Krebsregister Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany 15 Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Germany 18 Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany 4 Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 10 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany – name: 11 Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany – name: 2 Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany – name: 19 Krebsregister Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany – name: 5 German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Div. of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany – name: 6 Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany – name: 22 Robert Koch Institute, Department for Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Germany – name: 9 Regensburg Department of Public Health, Germany – name: 16 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University,Heidelberg, Germany – name: 15 Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Germany – name: 20 Institute for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Germany – name: 17 NAKO e.V. Heidelberg, Germany – name: 14 Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany – name: 13 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany – name: 21 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany – name: 4 Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, Germany – name: 12 Institute and Policlinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany – name: 3 Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany – name: 1 Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany – name: 8 Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany – name: 18 Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany – name: 7 Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany |
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| Snippet | The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave of the... Objective The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first wave... OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk for a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nationwide sample of German workers during the first... |
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| SubjectTerms | Business administration Classification Cohort analysis cohort study Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Disease transmission Employment Essential workers germany Germany - epidemiology Health care Health risks Health services Humans infection risk at work Infections isco-08 kldb 2010 Migration Occupational status Occupations Original Original article pandemic Pandemics Professions Public transportation Questionnaires Risk Robustness (mathematics) SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Viral diseases Workers Working hours workplace |
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| Title | Occupation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among 108 960 workers during the first pandemic wave in Germany |
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