Post-translational modifications of hormone-responsive transcription factors: the next level of regulation

Plants exhibit a high level of developmental plasticity and growth is responsive to multiple developmental and environmental cues. Hormones are small endogenous signalling molecules which are fundamental to this phenotypic plasticity. Post-translational modifications of proteins are a central featur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of experimental botany Vol. 66; no. 16; p. 4933
Main Author: Hill, Kristine
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01.08.2015
Subjects:
Brassinosteroids - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gibberellins - metabolism
Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism
Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism
Signal Transduction
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
gibberellin
Auxin signalling
transcription factors
brassinosteroid signalling
transcriptional output
hormone cross-talk
post-translational modifications
DELLA
ISSN:1460-2431, 1460-2431
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Plants exhibit a high level of developmental plasticity and growth is responsive to multiple developmental and environmental cues. Hormones are small endogenous signalling molecules which are fundamental to this phenotypic plasticity. Post-translational modifications of proteins are a central feature of the signal transduction pathways that regulate gene transcription in response to hormones. Modifications that affect the function of transcriptional regulators may also serve as a mechanism to incorporate multiple signals, mediate cross-talk, and modulate specific responses. This review discusses recent research that suggests hormone-responsive transcription factors are subject to multiple modifications which imply an additional level of regulation conferred by enzymes that mediate specific modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and S-nitrosylation. These modifications can affect protein stability, sub-cellular localization, interactions with co-repressors and activators, and DNA binding. The focus here is on direct cross-talk involving transcription factors downstream of auxin, brassinosteroid, and gibberellin signalling. However, many of the concepts discussed are more broadly relevant to questions of how plants can modify their growth by regulating subsets of genes in response to multiple cues.
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ISSN:1460-2431
1460-2431
DOI:10.1093/jxb/erv273