Effects of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment on Fault Reactivation and Its Consequences on Radionuclide Migration in Crystalline Host Rocks

To assess the robustness of a safety case for a deep geological repository (DGR), it is necessary to analyze a range of scenarios covering likely, less likely, and hypothetical future developments. Crystalline rock can, under ideal conditions, provide a suitable hydrogeologic barrier due to its extr...

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Vydané v:	Environmental modeling & assessment Ročník 30; číslo 1; s. 177 - 192
Hlavní autori:	Kern, Dominik, Magri, Fabien, Malkovsky, Victor, Steffen, Holger, Nagel, Thomas
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Cham Springer International Publishing 01.02.2025 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Advection–diffusion transport Boundary conditions Channeling Coulomb failure stress Crystalline rocks Deep geological repository Enhanced geothermal systems Fault lines Fault reactivation Faults finite element analysis Finite element method Fluid flow geophysics Glacial isostatic adjustment hydraulic fracturing Mechanical properties Permeability Poroelasticity Radioisotopes Radionuclide migration Seismic activity Workflow
ISSN:	1573-2967, 1420-2026, 1573-2967
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Abstract	To assess the robustness of a safety case for a deep geological repository (DGR), it is necessary to analyze a range of scenarios covering likely, less likely, and hypothetical future developments. Crystalline rock can, under ideal conditions, provide a suitable hydrogeologic barrier due to its extremely low matrix permeability. However, this host rock is often fractured, which can compromise its hydro-mechanical (HM) barrier function. We quantify how faults that are prone to reactivation during glacial events can affect radionuclide migration around a DGR in a crystalline host rock. We extend a previously developed finite element model of coupled fluid flow and radionuclide transport to numerically solve the component transport problem before and after fault reactivation. Assuming that fault reactivation is triggered by changes in mechanical boundary conditions, we derive heterogeneous permeability distributions in the reactivated faults by evaluating the Coulomb failure stress criterion of finite element solutions of a complementary hydro-mechanical problem. Specifically, we evaluate the consequences of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) during a glacial cycle. We find that the increased permeability in the reactivated faults accelerates the migration of radionuclides along the fault by channeling the flow, while it is reduced in the direction perpendicular to the fault. The channeling observed is also a result of heterogeneous permeability enhancement, and the flow fields differ from those of the previous model which postulated a homogeneous permeability enhancement. Although the proposed numerical workflow has been applied to the case of GIA, it is adaptable to study hydro-mechanical processes induced by seismic events or by hydrofracking in enhanced geothermal systems.
AbstractList	To assess the robustness of a safety case for a deep geological repository (DGR), it is necessary to analyze a range of scenarios covering likely, less likely, and hypothetical future developments. Crystalline rock can, under ideal conditions, provide a suitable hydrogeologic barrier due to its extremely low matrix permeability. However, this host rock is often fractured, which can compromise its hydro-mechanical (HM) barrier function. We quantify how faults that are prone to reactivation during glacial events can affect radionuclide migration around a DGR in a crystalline host rock. We extend a previously developed finite element model of coupled fluid flow and radionuclide transport to numerically solve the component transport problem before and after fault reactivation. Assuming that fault reactivation is triggered by changes in mechanical boundary conditions, we derive heterogeneous permeability distributions in the reactivated faults by evaluating the Coulomb failure stress criterion of finite element solutions of a complementary hydro-mechanical problem. Specifically, we evaluate the consequences of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) during a glacial cycle. We find that the increased permeability in the reactivated faults accelerates the migration of radionuclides along the fault by channeling the flow, while it is reduced in the direction perpendicular to the fault. The channeling observed is also a result of heterogeneous permeability enhancement, and the flow fields differ from those of the previous model which postulated a homogeneous permeability enhancement. Although the proposed numerical workflow has been applied to the case of GIA, it is adaptable to study hydro-mechanical processes induced by seismic events or by hydrofracking in enhanced geothermal systems.
Author	Steffen, Holger Kern, Dominik Nagel, Thomas Magri, Fabien Malkovsky, Victor
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Dominik surname: Kern fullname: Kern, Dominik – sequence: 2 givenname: Fabien surname: Magri fullname: Magri, Fabien – sequence: 3 givenname: Victor surname: Malkovsky fullname: Malkovsky, Victor – sequence: 4 givenname: Holger surname: Steffen fullname: Steffen, Holger – sequence: 5 givenname: Thomas surname: Nagel fullname: Nagel, Thomas
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SubjectTerms	Advection–diffusion transport Boundary conditions Channeling Coulomb failure stress Crystalline rocks Deep geological repository Enhanced geothermal systems Fault lines Fault reactivation Faults finite element analysis Finite element method Fluid flow geophysics Glacial isostatic adjustment hydraulic fracturing Mechanical properties Permeability Poroelasticity Radioisotopes Radionuclide migration Seismic activity Workflow
Title	Effects of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment on Fault Reactivation and Its Consequences on Radionuclide Migration in Crystalline Host Rocks
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