Control of virtual power plant in microgrids: a coordinated approach based on photovoltaic systems and controllable loads
Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar energy are cost-effective to meet part of the energy needs. However, the inherent fluctuation and intermittence of RESs may deteriorate the stability and security of power grids. Energy storage systems can mitigate the problem, but they are very expensiv...
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| Published in: | IET generation, transmission & distribution Vol. 9; no. 10; pp. 921 - 928 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Institution of Engineering and Technology
02.07.2015
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| ISSN: | 1751-8687, 1751-8695 |
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| Abstract | Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar energy are cost-effective to meet part of the energy needs. However, the inherent fluctuation and intermittence of RESs may deteriorate the stability and security of power grids. Energy storage systems can mitigate the problem, but they are very expensive. For this reason, a coordinated control method of virtual power plant (VPP), which includes photovoltaic systems (PVs) and controllable loads, is proposed in this study so that the aggregated power output of the VPP can be flexibly adjusted in a wide range. To achieve this, power output of the PVs and operational modes of controllable loads are coordinated by solving a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. Meanwhile, with a quadratic interpolation based active power control strategy, each PV can operate in a power dispatch mode and simultaneously estimate its maximum available power, which is an input to the MIP problem. Externally, the VPP can quickly adjust the aggregated power and achieve functions important to power systems with high penetration of distributed energy resources, such as primary frequency regulation. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of VPP in providing frequency support to an island microgrid. |
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| AbstractList | Renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar energy are cost‐effective to meet part of the energy needs. However, the inherent fluctuation and intermittence of RESs may deteriorate the stability and security of power grids. Energy storage systems can mitigate the problem, but they are very expensive. For this reason, a coordinated control method of virtual power plant (VPP), which includes photovoltaic systems (PVs) and controllable loads, is proposed in this study so that the aggregated power output of the VPP can be flexibly adjusted in a wide range. To achieve this, power output of the PVs and operational modes of controllable loads are coordinated by solving a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. Meanwhile, with a quadratic interpolation based active power control strategy, each PV can operate in a power dispatch mode and simultaneously estimate its maximum available power, which is an input to the MIP problem. Externally, the VPP can quickly adjust the aggregated power and achieve functions important to power systems with high penetration of distributed energy resources, such as primary frequency regulation. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of VPP in providing frequency support to an island microgrid. |
| Author | Xin, Huanhai Liu, Yun Wang, Zhen Gan, Deqiang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yun surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yun organization: Department of the Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China – sequence: 2 givenname: Huanhai surname: Xin fullname: Xin, Huanhai email: xinhh@zju.edu.cn organization: Department of the Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhen surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zhen organization: Department of the Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China – sequence: 4 givenname: Deqiang surname: Gan fullname: Gan, Deqiang organization: Department of the Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China |
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| Keywords | solar energy integer programming power generation control primary frequency regulation photovoltaic systems distributed power generation virtual power plant control power grid security energy storage systems RESs VPP mixed integer programming problem power grid stability power grids power system stability renewable energy sources MIP problem photovoltaic power systems distributed energy resources coordinated control method island microgrid power system security power generation dispatch controllable loads interpolation power control power systems power dispatch mode quadratic interpolation based active power control strategy |
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| SubjectTerms | Adjustment Control systems controllable loads coordinated control method distributed energy resources distributed power generation Electric power generation Electric power grids Electric power plants energy storage systems integer programming interpolation island microgrid MIP problem mixed integer programming problem Photovoltaic cells photovoltaic power systems photovoltaic systems Power control power dispatch mode power generation control power generation dispatch power grid security power grid stability power grids power system security power system stability power systems primary frequency regulation quadratic interpolation based active power control strategy renewable energy sources RESs Solar cells solar energy Special Issue on Power Electronic Converter Systems for Integration of Renewable Energy Sources virtual power plant control VPP |
| Title | Control of virtual power plant in microgrids: a coordinated approach based on photovoltaic systems and controllable loads |
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