Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors

The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense ag...

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Vydáno v:	Contact dermatitis Ročník 85; číslo 6; s. 615 - 626
Hlavní autoři:	Mitamura, Yasutaka, Ogulur, Ismail, Pat, Yagiz, Rinaldi, Arturo O., Ardicli, Ozge, Cevhertas, Lacin, Brüggen, Marie‐Charlotte, Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia, Akdis, Mubeccel, Akdis, Cezmi A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2021 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Témata:	Adaptive Immunity Allergens Allergens - adverse effects Allergic diseases allergy Asthma atopic dermatitis Atopy barrier dysfunction Dermatitis, Atopic - etiology Dermatitis, Atopic - genetics Dermatitis, Atopic - immunology Dermatitis, Atopic - physiopathology Eczema Electrical impedance Environmental Exposure Environmental factors Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetics epithelium Epithelium - anatomy & histology Epithelium - physiopathology Humans Immune response Immunity, Innate Microbiomes Microbiota - physiology Permeability Review Reviews rhinitis sinusitis Spectroscopy type 2 immunity Urbanization sinusitis allergy atopic dermatitis asthma epithelium rhinitis barrier dysfunction type 2 immunity
ISSN:	0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536
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Popis
Shrnutí:	The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown that industrial products disrupt the epithelial barriers. Innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in epithelial barrier damage. In addition, recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the atopic march by allergen sensitization through the transcutaneous route. It is evident that external factors interact with the immune system, triggering a cascade of complex reactions that damage the epithelial barrier. Epigenetic and microbiome changes modulate the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Robust and simple measurements of the skin barrier dysfunction at the point‐of‐care are of significant value as a biomarker, as recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy to directly measure barrier defects. Understanding epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanism is key to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by environmental factors that contribute to the dysregulation of epithelial barrier function.
Bibliografie:	Yasutaka Mitamura and Ismail Ogulur Contributed equally to this work. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0105-1873 1600-0536 1600-0536
DOI:	10.1111/cod.13959