Dysregulation of the epithelial barrier by environmental and other exogenous factors

The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense ag...

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Veröffentlicht in:Contact dermatitis Jg. 85; H. 6; S. 615 - 626
Hauptverfasser: Mitamura, Yasutaka, Ogulur, Ismail, Pat, Yagiz, Rinaldi, Arturo O., Ardicli, Ozge, Cevhertas, Lacin, Brüggen, Marie‐Charlotte, Traidl‐Hoffmann, Claudia, Akdis, Mubeccel, Akdis, Cezmi A.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2021
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Schlagworte:
Adaptive Immunity
Allergens
Allergens - adverse effects
Allergic diseases
allergy
Asthma
atopic dermatitis
Atopy
barrier dysfunction
Dermatitis, Atopic - etiology
Dermatitis, Atopic - genetics
Dermatitis, Atopic - immunology
Dermatitis, Atopic - physiopathology
Eczema
Electrical impedance
Environmental Exposure
Environmental factors
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetics
epithelium
Epithelium - anatomy & histology
Epithelium - physiopathology
Humans
Immune response
Immunity, Innate
Microbiomes
Microbiota - physiology
Permeability
Review
Reviews
rhinitis
sinusitis
Spectroscopy
type 2 immunity
Urbanization
sinusitis
allergy
atopic dermatitis
asthma
epithelium
rhinitis
barrier dysfunction
type 2 immunity
ISSN:0105-1873, 1600-0536, 1600-0536
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that the exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents linked to industrialization and urbanization underlies the increase in allergic diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defense against environmental factors. Recent reports have shown that industrial products disrupt the epithelial barriers. Innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in epithelial barrier damage. In addition, recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the atopic march by allergen sensitization through the transcutaneous route. It is evident that external factors interact with the immune system, triggering a cascade of complex reactions that damage the epithelial barrier. Epigenetic and microbiome changes modulate the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Robust and simple measurements of the skin barrier dysfunction at the point‐of‐care are of significant value as a biomarker, as recently reported using electrical impedance spectroscopy to directly measure barrier defects. Understanding epithelial barrier dysfunction and its mechanism is key to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by environmental factors that contribute to the dysregulation of epithelial barrier function.
Bibliographie:Yasutaka Mitamura and Ismail Ogulur Contributed equally to this work.
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ISSN:0105-1873
1600-0536
1600-0536
DOI:10.1111/cod.13959