Serum coding and non‐coding RNAs as biomarkers of NAFLD and fibrosis severity

Background & Aims In patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non‐coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy‐diagnosed mi...

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Published in:Liver international Vol. 39; no. 9; pp. 1742 - 1754
Main Authors: Di Mauro, Stefania, Scamporrino, Alessandra, Petta, Salvatore, Urbano, Francesca, Filippello, Agnese, Ragusa, Marco, Di Martino, Maria T., Scionti, Francesca, Grimaudo, Stefania, Pipitone, Rosaria M., Privitera, Graziella, Di Pino, Antonino, Scicali, Roberto, Valenti, Luca, Dongiovanni, Paola, Fracanzani, Anna, Rabuazzo, Agata M., Craxì, Antonio, Purrello, Michele, Purrello, Francesco, Piro, Salvatore
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2019
John Wiley and Sons Inc
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ISSN:1478-3223, 1478-3231, 1478-3231
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Abstract Background & Aims In patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non‐coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy‐diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other. Methods We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real‐time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed. Results We identified several differentially expressed coding/non‐coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up‐regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11‐128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up‐regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3‐4 (vs F = 0‐2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate‐treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up‐regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 and HBA2 up‐regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB‐4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E‐06) or TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E‐06) improved the detection of F = 3‐4 with respect to F = 0‐2 fibrosis stages. Conclusions We identified specific serum coding/non‐coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 detection improves FIB‐4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
AbstractList Background & AimsIn patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non‐coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy‐diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other.MethodsWe first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real‐time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed.ResultsWe identified several differentially expressed coding/non‐coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up‐regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11‐128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up‐regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3‐4 (vs F = 0‐2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate‐treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up‐regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 and HBA2 up‐regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB‐4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E‐06) or TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E‐06) improved the detection of F = 3‐4 with respect to F = 0‐2 fibrosis stages.ConclusionsWe identified specific serum coding/non‐coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 detection improves FIB‐4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy-diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other.BACKGROUND & AIMSIn patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy-diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other.We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real-time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed.METHODSWe first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real-time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed.We identified several differentially expressed coding/non-coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up-regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11-128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up-regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3-4 (vs F = 0-2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate-treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up-regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 and HBA2 up-regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB-4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E-06) or TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E-06) improved the detection of F = 3-4 with respect to F = 0-2 fibrosis stages.RESULTSWe identified several differentially expressed coding/non-coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up-regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11-128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up-regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3-4 (vs F = 0-2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate-treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up-regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 and HBA2 up-regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB-4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E-06) or TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E-06) improved the detection of F = 3-4 with respect to F = 0-2 fibrosis stages.We identified specific serum coding/non-coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 detection improves FIB-4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.CONCLUSIONSWe identified specific serum coding/non-coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 detection improves FIB-4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy-diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other. We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real-time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed. We identified several differentially expressed coding/non-coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up-regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11-128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up-regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3-4 (vs F = 0-2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate-treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up-regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 and HBA2 up-regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11-128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB-4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E-06) or TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E-06) improved the detection of F = 3-4 with respect to F = 0-2 fibrosis stages. We identified specific serum coding/non-coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2-OT1 detection improves FIB-4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
Background & Aims In patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and non‐coding RNAs in serum samples of biopsy‐diagnosed mild and severe NAFLD patients with respect to controls and to each other. Methods We first performed a whole transcriptome analysis through microarray (n = 12: four Control: CTRL; four mild NAFLD: NAS ≤ 4 F0; four severe NAFLD NAS ≥ 5 F3), followed by validation of selected transcripts through real‐time PCRs in an independent internal cohort of 88 subjects (63 NAFLD, 25 CTRL) and in an external cohort of 50 NAFLD patients. A similar analysis was also performed on liver biopsies and HepG2 cells exposed to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate (cellular model of NAFL/NASH) at intracellular/extracellular levels. Transcript correlation with histological/clinical data was also analysed. Results We identified several differentially expressed coding/non‐coding RNAs in each group of the study cohort. We validated the up‐regulation of UBE2V1, BNIP3L mRNAs, RP11‐128N14.5 lncRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with NAS ≥ 5 (vs NAS ≤ 4) and the up‐regulation of HBA2 mRNA, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 coding/lncRNA in patients with Fibrosis stages = 3‐4 (vs F = 0‐2). In in vitro models: UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5 and TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 had an increasing expression trend ranging from CTRL to oleate:palmitate or only palmitate‐treated cells both at intracellular and extracellular level, while BNIP3L was up‐regulated only at extracellular level. UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5, TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 and HBA2 up‐regulation was also observed at histological level. UBE2V1, RP11‐128N14.5, BNIP3L and TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 correlated with histological/biochemical data. Combinations of TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 + Fibrosis Index based on the four factors (FIB‐4) showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.891 (P = 3.00E‐06) or TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 + Fibroscan (AUC = 0.892, P = 2.00E‐06) improved the detection of F = 3‐4 with respect to F = 0‐2 fibrosis stages. Conclusions We identified specific serum coding/non‐coding RNA profiles in severe and mild NAFLD patients that possibly mirror the molecular mechanisms underlying NAFLD progression towards NASH/fibrosis. TGFB2/TGFB2‐OT1 detection improves FIB‐4/Fibroscan diagnostic performance for advanced fibrosis discrimination.
Author Purrello, Francesco
Urbano, Francesca
Di Mauro, Stefania
Pipitone, Rosaria M.
Fracanzani, Anna
Petta, Salvatore
Dongiovanni, Paola
Privitera, Graziella
Rabuazzo, Agata M.
Ragusa, Marco
Purrello, Michele
Grimaudo, Stefania
Scamporrino, Alessandra
Craxì, Antonio
Di Pino, Antonino
Valenti, Luca
Di Martino, Maria T.
Filippello, Agnese
Piro, Salvatore
Scicali, Roberto
Scionti, Francesca
AuthorAffiliation 5 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima Hospital University of Catania Catania Italy
4 Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS Troina 94018 Italy
6 Translational Medicine University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Pad Marangoni Milan Italy
3 Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnology Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Catania Italy
2 Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S University of Palermo Palermo Italy
7 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi‐Nesima Hospital University of Catania Catania Italy
– name: 2 Section of Gastroenterology, Di.Bi.M.I.S University of Palermo Palermo Italy
– name: 4 Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS Troina 94018 Italy
– name: 6 Translational Medicine University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Pad Marangoni Milan Italy
– name: 7 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
– name: 3 Department of BioMedical Sciences and BioTechnology Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Unit of Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Catania Italy
– name: 5 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University Catanzaro Italy
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  organization: University of Catania
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  organization: University of Palermo
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  organization: University of Catania
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  organization: University of Catania
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  organization: Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS
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  organization: Magna Graecia University
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  organization: Magna Graecia University
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  organization: University of Palermo
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  surname: Pipitone
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  organization: University of Palermo
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  givenname: Graziella
  surname: Privitera
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  organization: University of Catania
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  givenname: Antonino
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  fullname: Di Pino, Antonino
  organization: University of Catania
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  surname: Valenti
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  givenname: Paola
  surname: Dongiovanni
  fullname: Dongiovanni, Paola
  organization: University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
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  givenname: Anna
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5918-0171
  surname: Fracanzani
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  organization: University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
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  givenname: Agata M.
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  organization: University of Catania
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31169972$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2019 The Authors. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
2019 The Authors. Liver International Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Copyright_xml – notice: 2019 The Authors. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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Issue 9
Keywords RNAs
NAFLD
liquid-biopsy
fibrosis
NASH
Language English
License Attribution
2019 The Authors. Liver International Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Notes Funding information
This study was funded by 2016/2018 Department Research Plan of University of Catania, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (project #A) and by 2016/2018 Department Research Plan of University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (2nd line of intervention).     Handling Editor: Frank Tacke
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Handling Editor: Frank Tacke
Stefania Di Mauro and Alessandra Scamporrino authors contributed equally to this manuscript.
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Snippet Background & Aims In patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)...
In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and stage liver...
Background & AimsIn patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver biopsy is the gold standard to detect non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
wiley
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1742
SubjectTerms Adult
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - blood
Biopsy
Cohort Studies
Control
Diagnostic systems
Disease Progression
DNA microarrays
Extracellular levels
Fatty liver
Female
Fibrosis
Gene expression
Gene Expression Profiling
Hepatocytes
Humans
Intracellular
liquid‐biopsy
Liver
Liver - enzymology
Liver - pathology
Liver Cirrhosis - blood
Liver Cirrhosis - diagnosis
Liver Cirrhosis - pathology
Liver diseases
Male
Metabolic Liver Disease
Middle Aged
Molecular modelling
NAFLD
NASH
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - blood
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - diagnosis
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology
Palmitic acid
Predictive Value of Tests
RNA, Untranslated - blood
RNAs
ROC Curve
Severity of Illness Index
Transcription
Title Serum coding and non‐coding RNAs as biomarkers of NAFLD and fibrosis severity
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fliv.14167
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31169972
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2287450036
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2288005206
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6771597
Volume 39
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