The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected subjects: A cross‐sectional study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immun...

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Veröffentlicht in:Immunology Jg. 165; H. 4; S. 481 - 496
Hauptverfasser: Walter, Laura Otto, Cardoso, Chandra Chiappin, Santos‐Pirath, Íris Mattos, Costa, Heloisa Zorzi, Gartner, Rafaela, Werle, Isabel, Mohr, Eduarda Talita Bramorski, Rosa, Julia Salvan, Felisberto, Mariano, Kretzer, Iara Fabricia, Masukawa, Ivete Ioshiko, Vanny, Patrícia de Almeida, Luiz, Magali Chaves, Moraes, Ana Carolina Rabello, Dalmarco, Eduardo Monguilhott, Santos‐Silva, Maria Cláudia
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
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ISSN:0019-2805, 1365-2567, 1365-2567
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Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID‐19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID‐19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID‐19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL‐10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in cMo and a reduction in ncMo, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially pDCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, IL‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome.
AbstractList Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID‐19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID‐19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID‐19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL‐10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID‐19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID‐19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID‐19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL‐10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID‐19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID‐19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID‐19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL‐10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in cMo and a reduction in ncMo, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially pDCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, IL‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID‐19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty‐seven COVID‐19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID‐19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID‐19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL‐10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID‐19. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in cMo and a reduction in ncMo, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA‐DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially pDCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID‐19 patients showed an increase in MPO, IL‐12, IL‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐8, accompanied by a reduction in IL‐17A and NOx. IL‐10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty-seven COVID-19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID-19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA-DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID-19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8, accompanied by a reduction in IL-17A and NOx. IL-10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID-19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL-10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID-19.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and marked by an intense inflammatory response and immune dysregulation in the most severe cases. In order to better clarify the relationship between peripheral immune system changes and the severity of COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the frequencies and absolute numbers of peripheral subsets of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), in addition to quantifying the levels of inflammatory mediators. One hundred fifty-seven COVID-19 patients were stratified into mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease categories. The cellular components and circulating cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Nitric oxide (NOx) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured by colourimetric tests. COVID-19 patients presented neutrophilia, with signs of emergency myelopoiesis. Alterations in the monocytic component were observed in patients with moderate to critical illness, with an increase in classical monocytes and a reduction in nonclassical monocytes, in addition to a reduction in the expression of HLA-DR in all subtypes of monocytes, indicating immunosuppression. DCs, especially plasmacytoid DCs, also showed a large reduction in moderate to critical patients. COVID-19 patients showed an increase in MPO, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-8, accompanied by a reduction in IL-17A and NOx. IL-10 levels ≥14 pg/ml were strongly related to the worst outcome, with a sensitivity of 78·3% and a specificity of 79·1%. The results of this study indicate the presence of systemic effects induced by COVID-19, which appear to be related to the pathophysiology of the disease, highlighting the potential of IL-10 as a possible prognostic biomarker for COVID-19.
Author Luiz, Magali Chaves
Santos‐Silva, Maria Cláudia
Vanny, Patrícia de Almeida
Cardoso, Chandra Chiappin
Dalmarco, Eduardo Monguilhott
Santos‐Pirath, Íris Mattos
Gartner, Rafaela
Moraes, Ana Carolina Rabello
Costa, Heloisa Zorzi
Rosa, Julia Salvan
Felisberto, Mariano
Masukawa, Ivete Ioshiko
Werle, Isabel
Mohr, Eduarda Talita Bramorski
Walter, Laura Otto
Kretzer, Iara Fabricia
AuthorAffiliation 5 Infectious Disease Service Nereu Ramos Hospital. State Health Department Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
1 Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
3 Clinical Analysis Department Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
2 Division of Clinical Analysis Flow Cytometry Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
4 Infectious Disease Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Clinical Analysis Department Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
– name: 2 Division of Clinical Analysis Flow Cytometry Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
– name: 4 Infectious Disease Service University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
– name: 5 Infectious Disease Service Nereu Ramos Hospital. State Health Department Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
– name: 1 Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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  email: maria.claudia.silva@ufsc.br
  organization: Federal University of Santa Catarina
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35146763$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 0019-2805
1365-2567
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Issue 4
Keywords COVID-19
immune system
SARS-CoV-2
inflammation
IL-10
Language English
License 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
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Notes Funding information
This study was supported by JBS S.A. (grant number: 14120/FEESC ‐ Santa Catarina Teaching and Engineering Foundation) and by grants and fellowships from CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel ‐ Brazil). M. C. Santos‐Silva and E. M. Dalmarco are recipients of a research fellowship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).
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Snippet Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and marked by an intense...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and marked by an intense...
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StartPage 481
SubjectTerms Biomarkers
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Dendritic cells
Flow cytometry
Histocompatibility antigen HLA
Humans
IL‐10
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity
Immunosuppression
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Interleukin 6
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Monocytes
Myelopoiesis
Neutrophilia
Nitric oxide
Original
Peroxidase
Reduction
Respiratory diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Severity of Illness Index
Viral diseases
Title The relationship between peripheral immune response and disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected subjects: A cross‐sectional study
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fimm.13457
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35146763
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2628299209
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9111570
Volume 165
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