Heating of hip joint implants in MRI: The combined effect of RF and switched‐gradient fields
Purpose To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session. Methods In silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging posi...
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| Published in: | Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 85; no. 6; pp. 3447 - 3462 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.06.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
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| ISSN: | 0740-3194, 1522-2594, 1522-2594 |
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| Abstract | Purpose
To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session.
Methods
In silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging positions. The analysis was performed at 1.5 T and 3 T, considering four clinical sequences: turbo spin‐echo, EPI, gradient‐echo, and true fast imaging sequence with steady precession. The exposure to gradient and RF fields was evaluated separately and superposed, by adopting an ad hoc computational algorithm. Temperature increase within the body, rather than specific absorption rate, was used as a safety metric.
Results
With the exception of gradient‐echo, all investigated sequences produced temperature increases higher than 1 K after 360 seconds, at least for one body position. In general, RF‐induced heating dominates the turbo spin‐echo sequence, whereas gradient‐induced heating prevails with EPI; the situation with fast imaging sequence with steady precession is more diversified. The RF effects are enhanced when the implant is within the RF coil, whereas the effects of gradient fields are maximized if the prosthesis is outside the imaging region. Cases for which temperature‐increase thresholds were exceeded were identified, together with the corresponding amount of tissue mass involved and the exposure time needed to reach these limits.
Conclusion
The analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole‐body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients’ safety. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Purpose
To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session.
Methods
In silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging positions. The analysis was performed at 1.5 T and 3 T, considering four clinical sequences: turbo spin‐echo, EPI, gradient‐echo, and true fast imaging sequence with steady precession. The exposure to gradient and RF fields was evaluated separately and superposed, by adopting an ad hoc computational algorithm. Temperature increase within the body, rather than specific absorption rate, was used as a safety metric.
Results
With the exception of gradient‐echo, all investigated sequences produced temperature increases higher than 1 K after 360 seconds, at least for one body position. In general, RF‐induced heating dominates the turbo spin‐echo sequence, whereas gradient‐induced heating prevails with EPI; the situation with fast imaging sequence with steady precession is more diversified. The RF effects are enhanced when the implant is within the RF coil, whereas the effects of gradient fields are maximized if the prosthesis is outside the imaging region. Cases for which temperature‐increase thresholds were exceeded were identified, together with the corresponding amount of tissue mass involved and the exposure time needed to reach these limits.
Conclusion
The analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole‐body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients’ safety. To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session. In silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging positions. The analysis was performed at 1.5 T and 3 T, considering four clinical sequences: turbo spin-echo, EPI, gradient-echo, and true fast imaging sequence with steady precession. The exposure to gradient and RF fields was evaluated separately and superposed, by adopting an ad hoc computational algorithm. Temperature increase within the body, rather than specific absorption rate, was used as a safety metric. With the exception of gradient-echo, all investigated sequences produced temperature increases higher than 1 K after 360 seconds, at least for one body position. In general, RF-induced heating dominates the turbo spin-echo sequence, whereas gradient-induced heating prevails with EPI; the situation with fast imaging sequence with steady precession is more diversified. The RF effects are enhanced when the implant is within the RF coil, whereas the effects of gradient fields are maximized if the prosthesis is outside the imaging region. Cases for which temperature-increase thresholds were exceeded were identified, together with the corresponding amount of tissue mass involved and the exposure time needed to reach these limits. The analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole-body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients' safety. PurposeTo investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session.MethodsIn silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging positions. The analysis was performed at 1.5 T and 3 T, considering four clinical sequences: turbo spin‐echo, EPI, gradient‐echo, and true fast imaging sequence with steady precession. The exposure to gradient and RF fields was evaluated separately and superposed, by adopting an ad hoc computational algorithm. Temperature increase within the body, rather than specific absorption rate, was used as a safety metric.ResultsWith the exception of gradient‐echo, all investigated sequences produced temperature increases higher than 1 K after 360 seconds, at least for one body position. In general, RF‐induced heating dominates the turbo spin‐echo sequence, whereas gradient‐induced heating prevails with EPI; the situation with fast imaging sequence with steady precession is more diversified. The RF effects are enhanced when the implant is within the RF coil, whereas the effects of gradient fields are maximized if the prosthesis is outside the imaging region. Cases for which temperature‐increase thresholds were exceeded were identified, together with the corresponding amount of tissue mass involved and the exposure time needed to reach these limits.ConclusionThe analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole‐body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients’ safety. To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session.PURPOSETo investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI session.In silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging positions. The analysis was performed at 1.5 T and 3 T, considering four clinical sequences: turbo spin-echo, EPI, gradient-echo, and true fast imaging sequence with steady precession. The exposure to gradient and RF fields was evaluated separately and superposed, by adopting an ad hoc computational algorithm. Temperature increase within the body, rather than specific absorption rate, was used as a safety metric.METHODSIn silico analysis was performed with an anatomically realistic human model with CoCrMo hip implant in 12 imaging positions. The analysis was performed at 1.5 T and 3 T, considering four clinical sequences: turbo spin-echo, EPI, gradient-echo, and true fast imaging sequence with steady precession. The exposure to gradient and RF fields was evaluated separately and superposed, by adopting an ad hoc computational algorithm. Temperature increase within the body, rather than specific absorption rate, was used as a safety metric.With the exception of gradient-echo, all investigated sequences produced temperature increases higher than 1 K after 360 seconds, at least for one body position. In general, RF-induced heating dominates the turbo spin-echo sequence, whereas gradient-induced heating prevails with EPI; the situation with fast imaging sequence with steady precession is more diversified. The RF effects are enhanced when the implant is within the RF coil, whereas the effects of gradient fields are maximized if the prosthesis is outside the imaging region. Cases for which temperature-increase thresholds were exceeded were identified, together with the corresponding amount of tissue mass involved and the exposure time needed to reach these limits.RESULTSWith the exception of gradient-echo, all investigated sequences produced temperature increases higher than 1 K after 360 seconds, at least for one body position. In general, RF-induced heating dominates the turbo spin-echo sequence, whereas gradient-induced heating prevails with EPI; the situation with fast imaging sequence with steady precession is more diversified. The RF effects are enhanced when the implant is within the RF coil, whereas the effects of gradient fields are maximized if the prosthesis is outside the imaging region. Cases for which temperature-increase thresholds were exceeded were identified, together with the corresponding amount of tissue mass involved and the exposure time needed to reach these limits.The analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole-body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients' safety.CONCLUSIONThe analysis confirms that risky situations may occur when a patient carrying a hip implant undergoes an MRI exam and that, in some cases, the gradient field heating may be significant. In general, exclusion criteria only based on whole-body specific absorption rate may not be sufficient to ensure patients' safety. |
| Author | Zanovello, Umberto Chiampi, Mario Zilberti, Luca Brühl, Rüdiger Bottauscio, Oriano Arduino, Alessandro Hand, Jeff |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom 1 Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) Torino Italy 3 Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig and Berlin Germany – name: 1 Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) Torino Italy – name: 2 School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alessandro orcidid: 0000-0002-4829-5130 surname: Arduino fullname: Arduino, Alessandro organization: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) – sequence: 2 givenname: Umberto orcidid: 0000-0001-6415-9967 surname: Zanovello fullname: Zanovello, Umberto organization: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) – sequence: 3 givenname: Jeff surname: Hand fullname: Hand, Jeff organization: King’s College London – sequence: 4 givenname: Luca orcidid: 0000-0002-2382-4710 surname: Zilberti fullname: Zilberti, Luca organization: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) – sequence: 5 givenname: Rüdiger surname: Brühl fullname: Brühl, Rüdiger organization: Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt – sequence: 6 givenname: Mario orcidid: 0000-0003-0049-3792 surname: Chiampi fullname: Chiampi, Mario organization: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) – sequence: 7 givenname: Oriano orcidid: 0000-0002-5437-4396 surname: Bottauscio fullname: Bottauscio, Oriano email: o.bottauscio@inrim.it organization: Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) |
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| Keywords | hip prosthesis radiofrequency heating MRI safety gradient coil heating numerical simulation |
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To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during... To investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an MRI... PurposeTo investigate how the simultaneous exposure to gradient and RF fields affects the temperature rise in patients with a metallic hip prosthesis during an... |
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| SubjectTerms | Absorption Algorithms Body temperature Computer applications Exposure Full Papers—Computer Processing and Modeling gradient coil heating Heating Hip hip prosthesis Magnetic resonance imaging Medical imaging MRI safety numerical simulation Precession Prostheses radiofrequency heating Safety Surgical implants Transplants & implants |
| Title | Heating of hip joint implants in MRI: The combined effect of RF and switched‐gradient fields |
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