Protective neutralizing epitopes in SARS‐CoV‐2

The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health crisis and economic burden worldwide. Its etiological agent SARS‐CoV‐2, a new virus in the coronavirus family, has infected hundreds of millions of people worldwide. SARS‐CoV‐2 has evolved over the past 2 years to increase its transmissibility...

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Vydáno v:Immunological reviews Ročník 310; číslo 1; s. 76 - 92
Hlavní autoři: Liu, Hejun, Wilson, Ian A.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Témata:
Antibodies
antibody
coronavirus
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
epitope
Epitopes
Immune response
Immune system
Infections
Invited Review
Neutralizing
Pandemics
SARS‐CoV‐2
SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccines
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
vaccine
variants
Viral diseases
Viral infections
Viruses
coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
vaccine
antibody
variants
epitope
ISSN:0105-2896, 1600-065X, 1600-065X
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Shrnutí:The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health crisis and economic burden worldwide. Its etiological agent SARS‐CoV‐2, a new virus in the coronavirus family, has infected hundreds of millions of people worldwide. SARS‐CoV‐2 has evolved over the past 2 years to increase its transmissibility as well as to evade the immunity established by previous infection and vaccination. Nevertheless, strong immune responses can be elicited by viral infection and vaccination, which have proved to be protective against the emergence of variants, particularly with respect to hospitalization or severe disease. Here, we review our current understanding of how the virus enters the host cell and how our immune system is able to defend against cell entry and infection. Neutralizing antibodies are a major component of our immune defense and have been extensively studied for SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants. Structures of these neutralizing antibodies have provided valuable insights into epitopes that are protective against the original ancestral virus and the variants that have emerged. The molecular characterization of neutralizing epitopes as well as epitope conservation and resistance are important for design of next‐generation vaccines and antibody therapeutics.
Bibliografie:This article is part of a series of reviews covering SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccines appearing in Volume 310 of
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Immunological Reviews
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This article is part of a series of reviews covering SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccines appearing in Volume 310 of Immunological Reviews.
ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/imr.13084