From Predictive to Prescriptive Analytics

We combine ideas from machine learning (ML) and operations research and management science (OR/MS) in developing a framework, along with specific methods, for using data to prescribe optimal decisions in OR/MS problems. In a departure from other work on data-driven optimization, we consider data con...

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Vydáno v:Management science Ročník 66; číslo 3; s. 1025 - 1044
Hlavní autoři: Bertsimas, Dimitris, Kallus, Nathan
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Linthicum INFORMS 01.03.2020
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Témata:
Big Data
Data
data-driven decision making
Decision making
Decisions
Distribution (Probability theory)
Efficacy
Inventory control
Leverage
Machine learning
Management science
Measures
Optimization
Probability
Stochastic models
stochastic optimization
Uncertainty
New York
ISSN:0025-1909, 1526-5501
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Shrnutí:We combine ideas from machine learning (ML) and operations research and management science (OR/MS) in developing a framework, along with specific methods, for using data to prescribe optimal decisions in OR/MS problems. In a departure from other work on data-driven optimization, we consider data consisting, not only of observations of quantities with direct effect on costs/revenues, such as demand or returns, but also predominantly of observations of associated auxiliary quantities. The main problem of interest is a conditional stochastic optimization problem, given imperfect observations, where the joint probability distributions that specify the problem are unknown. We demonstrate how our proposed methods are generally applicable to a wide range of decision problems and prove that they are computationally tractable and asymptotically optimal under mild conditions, even when data are not independent and identically distributed and for censored observations. We extend these to the case in which some decision variables, such as price, may affect uncertainty and their causal effects are unknown. We develop the coefficient of prescriptiveness P to measure the prescriptive content of data and the efficacy of a policy from an operations perspective. We demonstrate our approach in an inventory management problem faced by the distribution arm of a large media company, shipping 1 billion units yearly. We leverage both internal data and public data harvested from IMDb, Rotten Tomatoes, and Google to prescribe operational decisions that outperform baseline measures. Specifically, the data we collect, leveraged by our methods, account for an 88% improvement as measured by our coefficient of prescriptiveness. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, optimization.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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content type line 14
ISSN:0025-1909
1526-5501
DOI:10.1287/mnsc.2018.3253