Eighteenth-century genomes show that mixed infections were common at time of peak tuberculosis in Europe

Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB’ relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis , representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century...

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Vydáno v:	Nature communications Ročník 6; číslo 1; s. 6717
Hlavní autoři:	Kay, Gemma L., Sergeant, Martin J., Zhou, Zhemin, Chan, Jacqueline Z.-M., Millard, Andrew, Quick, Joshua, Szikossy, Ildikó, Pap, Ildikó, Spigelman, Mark, Loman, Nicholas J., Achtman, Mark, Donoghue, Helen D., Pallen, Mark J.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 07.04.2015 Nature Publishing Group Nature Pub. Group
Témata:	631/208/212/2142 631/208/212/2304 631/326/41/1470 692/699/255/1856 Adult Bayes Theorem Coinfection - microbiology DNA, Bacterial - analysis Europe - epidemiology Female Genome, Bacterial - genetics Genotype Genotypes History, 18th Century Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hungary - epidemiology Male Metagenomics Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology multidisciplinary Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics Phylogeny Science Science (multidisciplinary) Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - epidemiology Tuberculosis - history Tuberculosis - microbiology Young Adult Hungary Europe
ISSN:	2041-1723, 2041-1723
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Abstract	Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB’ relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis , representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary using metagenomics. All our historic genotypes belong to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4. Bayesian phylogenetic dating, based on samples with well-documented dates, places the most recent common ancestor of this lineage in the late Roman period. We find that most bodies yielded more than one M. tuberculosis genotype and we document an intimate epidemiological link between infections in two long-dead individuals. Our results suggest that metagenomic approaches usefully inform detection and characterization of historical and contemporary infections. Tuberculosis was once a major killer in Europe. Here the authors use metagenomics to obtain genomic sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary, revealing mixed infections within individuals as well as presence of the same strain in two individuals.
AbstractList	Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at 'peak TB' relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis, representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary using metagenomics. All our historic genotypes belong to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4. Bayesian phylogenetic dating, based on samples with well-documented dates, places the most recent common ancestor of this lineage in the late Roman period. We find that most bodies yielded more than one M. tuberculosis genotype and we document an intimate epidemiological link between infections in two long-dead individuals. Our results suggest that metagenomic approaches usefully inform detection and characterization of historical and contemporary infections. Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB' relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis, representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary using metagenomics. All our historic genotypes belong to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4. Bayesian phylogenetic dating, based on samples with well-documented dates, places the most recent common ancestor of this lineage in the late Roman period. We find that most bodies yielded more than one M. tuberculosis genotype and we document an intimate epidemiological link between infections in two long-dead individuals. Our results suggest that metagenomic approaches usefully inform detection and characterization of historical and contemporary infections. Tuberculosis was once a major killer in Europe. Here the authors use metagenomics to obtain genomic sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary, revealing mixed infections within individuals as well as presence of the same strain in two individuals. Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB’ relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis , representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary using metagenomics. All our historic genotypes belong to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4. Bayesian phylogenetic dating, based on samples with well-documented dates, places the most recent common ancestor of this lineage in the late Roman period. We find that most bodies yielded more than one M. tuberculosis genotype and we document an intimate epidemiological link between infections in two long-dead individuals. Our results suggest that metagenomic approaches usefully inform detection and characterization of historical and contemporary infections. Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB’ relate to what we see today. Here we describe 14 genome sequences of M. tuberculosis , representing 12 distinct genotypes, obtained from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary using metagenomics. All our historic genotypes belong to M. tuberculosis Lineage 4. Bayesian phylogenetic dating, based on samples with well-documented dates, places the most recent common ancestor of this lineage in the late Roman period. We find that most bodies yielded more than one M. tuberculosis genotype and we document an intimate epidemiological link between infections in two long-dead individuals. Our results suggest that metagenomic approaches usefully inform detection and characterization of historical and contemporary infections. Tuberculosis was once a major killer in Europe. Here the authors use metagenomics to obtain genomic sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human remains from eighteenth-century Hungary, revealing mixed infections within individuals as well as presence of the same strain in two individuals.
ArticleNumber	6717
Author	Quick, Joshua Spigelman, Mark Szikossy, Ildikó Pap, Ildikó Achtman, Mark Pallen, Mark J. Loman, Nicholas J. Zhou, Zhemin Sergeant, Martin J. Millard, Andrew Kay, Gemma L. Donoghue, Helen D. Chan, Jacqueline Z.-M.
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Snippet	Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB’ relate to what we see today. Here... Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at 'peak TB' relate to what we see today. Here... Tuberculosis (TB) was once a major killer in Europe, but it is unclear how the strains and patterns of infection at ‘peak TB' relate to what we see today. Here...
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SubjectTerms	631/208/212/2142 631/208/212/2304 631/326/41/1470 692/699/255/1856 Adult Bayes Theorem Coinfection - microbiology DNA, Bacterial - analysis Europe - epidemiology Female Genome, Bacterial - genetics Genotype Genotypes History, 18th Century Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hungary - epidemiology Male Metagenomics Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology multidisciplinary Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics Phylogeny Science Science (multidisciplinary) Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - epidemiology Tuberculosis - history Tuberculosis - microbiology Young Adult
Title	Eighteenth-century genomes show that mixed infections were common at time of peak tuberculosis in Europe
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