Elaboration of novel tubular ceramic membrane from inexpensive raw materials by extrusion method and its performance in microfiltration of synthetic oily wastewater treatment

A tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane was prepared by an extrusion technique using inexpensive clay mixtures namely, ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, pyrophyllite and calcium carbonate. The mixture of clay powders extruded to form a porous tubular membrane without the addition of any organi...

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Published in:	Journal of membrane science Vol. 490; pp. 92 - 102
Main Authors:	Vinoth Kumar, R., Kumar Ghoshal, Aloke, Pugazhenthi, G.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 15.09.2015
Subjects:	additives artificial membranes calcium carbonate ceramics clay corrosion emulsions extrusion feldspar fouling Fouling mechanism kaolin Microfiltration oils Oily wastewater permeability Pore blocking model porosity powders quartz raw materials strength (mechanics) Tubular membrane ultrafiltration wastewater wastewater treatment Microfiltration Tubular membrane Pore blocking model Oily wastewater Fouling mechanism
ISSN:	0376-7388, 1873-3123
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Abstract	A tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane was prepared by an extrusion technique using inexpensive clay mixtures namely, ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, pyrophyllite and calcium carbonate. The mixture of clay powders extruded to form a porous tubular membrane without the addition of any organic additives. The dimensions, such as outer and inner diameters, wall thickness and length of the tube are 11.5, 5.5, 3 and 100mm, respectively. The sintered membrane possesses the porosity of 53%, water permeability of 5.93×10−7m/skPa, an average pore size of 0.309μm and mechanical strength of 12MPa with very good corrosion resistance in acidic and basic conditions. The fabricated membrane is expected to have potential applications in the pretreatment and also can be used as support for ultrafiltration membranes. With this intention, the membrane is subjected to microfiltration of synthetic oily wastewater emulsion experiments at various combinations of applied pressures (69–345kPa), feed concentrations (50–200ppm) and cross flow rates (5.55×10−7–1.66×10−6m3/s). An increase in the applied pressure and flow rate of oily wastewater emulsion result a decreased oil rejection while, an increase in the oil concentration results in enhanced rejection. The applied pressure of 69kPa offers the highest rejection of oily wastewater (99.98%) with permeate flux of 3.16×10−5m/s. Additionally, the membrane fouling mechanisms are investigated using diverse pore blocking models (complete, standard, intermediate pore blocking and cake filtration model) with obtained experimental data. It is found that the experimental results are well described by the cake filtration model. Finally, the rejection potential of the membrane is compared with other membranes reported in the literature. •Novel low cost tubular membrane effectively elaborated by extrusion.•Performance checked in treatment of oily wastewater emulsion.•Highest rejection of 99.98% attained with permeate flux of 3.16×10−5m/s.•Fouling mechanisms analyzed using various models.
AbstractList	A tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane was prepared by an extrusion technique using inexpensive clay mixtures namely, ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, pyrophyllite and calcium carbonate. The mixture of clay powders extruded to form a porous tubular membrane without the addition of any organic additives. The dimensions, such as outer and inner diameters, wall thickness and length of the tube are 11.5, 5.5, 3 and 100mm, respectively. The sintered membrane possesses the porosity of 53%, water permeability of 5.93×10⁻⁷m/skPa, an average pore size of 0.309μm and mechanical strength of 12MPa with very good corrosion resistance in acidic and basic conditions. The fabricated membrane is expected to have potential applications in the pretreatment and also can be used as support for ultrafiltration membranes. With this intention, the membrane is subjected to microfiltration of synthetic oily wastewater emulsion experiments at various combinations of applied pressures (69–345kPa), feed concentrations (50–200ppm) and cross flow rates (5.55×10⁻⁷–1.66×10⁻⁶m³/s). An increase in the applied pressure and flow rate of oily wastewater emulsion result a decreased oil rejection while, an increase in the oil concentration results in enhanced rejection. The applied pressure of 69kPa offers the highest rejection of oily wastewater (99.98%) with permeate flux of 3.16×10⁻⁵m/s. Additionally, the membrane fouling mechanisms are investigated using diverse pore blocking models (complete, standard, intermediate pore blocking and cake filtration model) with obtained experimental data. It is found that the experimental results are well described by the cake filtration model. Finally, the rejection potential of the membrane is compared with other membranes reported in the literature. A tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane was prepared by an extrusion technique using inexpensive clay mixtures namely, ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, pyrophyllite and calcium carbonate. The mixture of clay powders extruded to form a porous tubular membrane without the addition of any organic additives. The dimensions, such as outer and inner diameters, wall thickness and length of the tube are 11.5, 5.5, 3 and 100mm, respectively. The sintered membrane possesses the porosity of 53%, water permeability of 5.93×10−7m/skPa, an average pore size of 0.309μm and mechanical strength of 12MPa with very good corrosion resistance in acidic and basic conditions. The fabricated membrane is expected to have potential applications in the pretreatment and also can be used as support for ultrafiltration membranes. With this intention, the membrane is subjected to microfiltration of synthetic oily wastewater emulsion experiments at various combinations of applied pressures (69–345kPa), feed concentrations (50–200ppm) and cross flow rates (5.55×10−7–1.66×10−6m3/s). An increase in the applied pressure and flow rate of oily wastewater emulsion result a decreased oil rejection while, an increase in the oil concentration results in enhanced rejection. The applied pressure of 69kPa offers the highest rejection of oily wastewater (99.98%) with permeate flux of 3.16×10−5m/s. Additionally, the membrane fouling mechanisms are investigated using diverse pore blocking models (complete, standard, intermediate pore blocking and cake filtration model) with obtained experimental data. It is found that the experimental results are well described by the cake filtration model. Finally, the rejection potential of the membrane is compared with other membranes reported in the literature. •Novel low cost tubular membrane effectively elaborated by extrusion.•Performance checked in treatment of oily wastewater emulsion.•Highest rejection of 99.98% attained with permeate flux of 3.16×10−5m/s.•Fouling mechanisms analyzed using various models.
Author	Kumar Ghoshal, Aloke Pugazhenthi, G. Vinoth Kumar, R.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: R. surname: Vinoth Kumar fullname: Vinoth Kumar, R. – sequence: 2 givenname: Aloke surname: Kumar Ghoshal fullname: Kumar Ghoshal, Aloke – sequence: 3 givenname: G. surname: Pugazhenthi fullname: Pugazhenthi, G. email: pugal@iitg.ernet.in
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Snippet	A tubular ceramic microfiltration membrane was prepared by an extrusion technique using inexpensive clay mixtures namely, ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz,...
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SubjectTerms	additives artificial membranes calcium carbonate ceramics clay corrosion emulsions extrusion feldspar fouling Fouling mechanism kaolin Microfiltration oils Oily wastewater permeability Pore blocking model porosity powders quartz raw materials strength (mechanics) Tubular membrane ultrafiltration wastewater wastewater treatment
Title	Elaboration of novel tubular ceramic membrane from inexpensive raw materials by extrusion method and its performance in microfiltration of synthetic oily wastewater treatment
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