Peripheral B Cell Deficiency and Predisposition to Viral Infections: The Paradigm of Immune Deficiencies

In the era of COVID-19, understanding how our immune system responds to viral infections is more pertinent than ever. Immunodeficiencies with very low or absent B cells offer a valuable model to study the role of humoral immunity against these types of infection. This review looks at the available e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 731643
Main Authors: Grammatikos, Alexandros, Donati, Matthew, Johnston, Sarah L., Gompels, Mark M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A 30.08.2021
Subjects:
alymphocytosis
B cells
humoral immunity, immune responses
immune deficiency
immunodeficiency
Immunology
viral infections
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In the era of COVID-19, understanding how our immune system responds to viral infections is more pertinent than ever. Immunodeficiencies with very low or absent B cells offer a valuable model to study the role of humoral immunity against these types of infection. This review looks at the available evidence on viral infections in patients with B cell alymphocytosis, in particular those with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Good’s syndrome, post monoclonal-antibody therapy and certain patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID). Viral infections are not as infrequent as previously thought in these conditions and individuals with very low circulating B cells seem to be predisposed to an adverse outcome. Particularly in the case of SARS-CoV2 infection, mounting evidence suggests that peripheral B cell alymphocytosis is linked to a poor prognosis.
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Edited by: Linda F. Van Dyk, University of Colorado Denver, United States
Reviewed by: Koen Bartholomeeusen, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Belgium; Maria George Ioannou, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
This article was submitted to Viral Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.731643