Integrated treatment of stormwater using multistage filtration (MSF) for domestic application (reuse)

Stormwater harvesting is a promising solution for global freshwater depletion, particularly in tropical regions with abundant rainfall. However, it is not widely used due to the lack of suitable treatment technologies for domestic applications. Multi-stage filtration (MSF) is an efective integrated...

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Veröffentlicht in:Water S. A. Jg. 50; H. 2; S. 154 - 165
Hauptverfasser: Chibueze, Chekwubechukwu V, Nnaji, Chidozie C, Mama, Cordelia N, Nwankwo, Ekene J
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Gezina Water Research Commission (WRC) 01.04.2024
Water Research Commission
Schlagworte:
Atmospheric particulates
Bathing
Climate change
Crops
Density
Developing countries
Domestic water
Drinking water
Efficiency
Effluents
Fire prevention
Fire protection
Flood management
Food
Foods
Freshwater resources
Gravity
Harvest
Industrial crops
Industrialized nations
Irrigation
LDCs
Mitigation
Multistage filtration
Nonfood crops
Pollutant load
Pollutants
Pollution load
Quality improvement
Rain
Raw water
Receiving waters
Removal efficiency
Rivers
Roughing filters
Rural areas
Sand filters
Sedimentation
Sedimentation & deposition
Specific gravity
Storm runoff
Stormwater
Stormwater management
Stormwater quality
Stormwater runoff
Toilet facilities
Treated water
treatment
Wastewater
Water demand
Water harvesting
Water pollution
Water quality
Water reuse
Water supply
Waterways
Nigeria
Sub-Saharan Africa
ISSN:0378-4738, 1816-7950
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Zusammenfassung:Stormwater harvesting is a promising solution for global freshwater depletion, particularly in tropical regions with abundant rainfall. However, it is not widely used due to the lack of suitable treatment technologies for domestic applications. Multi-stage filtration (MSF) is an efective integrated treatment technology that provides a cost-efective alternative for stormwater treatment. This study investigated MSF's capacity for treating stormwater at diferent stages. The MSF designed and built comprised the down-flow roughing filter (DRF) and slow sand lfiter (SSF). The results achieved by the MSF for the treated efluents were: pH (7.1-8.1), temperature (27.6-29.4°C), electrical conductivity (EC) (100-190 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (70-130 mg/L). Turbidity removal eficiency of the MSF was in the range of 36-99% (5.825-164.05 NTU) and the overall average removal eficiency of the MSF was 74%, 90% and 86% for total coliforms (TC) (360-11 800 CFU/ 100 mL), faecal coliforms (FC) (0-1 300 CFU/100 mL) and Enterococcus spp. (120- 1 400 CFU/100 mL), respectively. The study identified stormwater reuse potentials based on international guidelines and benchmarks. For the treated efluent, pH, temperature, EC and TDS were all within the permissible limits for toilet, laundry, bathing, recreational and agricultural water reuse, while turbidity suited agricultural (non-food crop) and restricted urban reuse. 46% of the efluent was suitable for recreational purposes as this satisfied the 50 NTU standard. 62.5% of the efluent satisfied the FC standard for toilets and urinals and agricultural reuse (non-food crop) purposes, while 87.5 % of the efluent satisfied urban reuse purposes (restricted access). 66.67% of the efluent satisfied the Enterococcus spp. standard for agricultural reuse (non-food crop). All treated efluents satisfied the TC bathing standard. This study shows that after minimal disinfection, stormwater efluents ofer potential reuse in household applications, thereby reducing potable water demand.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ISSN:0378-4738
1816-7950
DOI:10.17159/wsa/2024.v50.i2.4011