Diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions

Diabetes in humans accelerates cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. The relative contributions of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia to atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes are not clear, largely because there is a lack of suitable animal models. We therefore have developed a transgeni...

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Published in:	The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 114; no. 5; pp. 659 - 668
Main Authors:	Renard, Catherine B., Kramer, Farah, Johansson, Fredrik, Lamharzi, Najib, Tannock, Lisa R., Herrath, Matthias G. von, Chait, Alan, Bornfeldt, Karin E.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 01.09.2004
Subjects:	Animals Arteriosclerosis - etiology Arteriosclerosis - metabolism Atherosclerosis Biomedical research Cholesterol Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism Diet Glucose Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Glycoproteins Hemoglobin Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia - genetics Hyperglycemia - metabolism Insulin Islets of Langerhans - metabolism Islets of Langerhans - pathology Lipid Metabolism Lipids Low density lipoprotein receptors Metabolic disorders Mice Mice, Transgenic Receptors, LDL - deficiency Receptors, LDL - genetics
ISSN:	0021-9738, 1558-8238
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Abstract	Diabetes in humans accelerates cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. The relative contributions of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia to atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes are not clear, largely because there is a lack of suitable animal models. We therefore have developed a transgenic mouse model that closely mimics atherosclerosis in humans with type 1 diabetes by breeding low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice with transgenic mice in which type 1 diabetes can be induced at will. These mice express a viral protein under control of the insulin promoter and, when infected by the virus, develop an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing beta cells and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes. When these mice are fed a cholesterol-free diet, diabetes, in the absence of associated lipid abnormalities, causes both accelerated lesion initiation and increased arterial macrophage accumulation. When diabetic mice are fed cholesterol-rich diets, on the other hand, they develop severe hypertriglyceridemia and advanced lesions, characterized by extensive intralesional hemorrhage. This progression to advanced lesions is largely dependent on diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, because hyperlipidemic diabetic and nondiabetic mice with similar plasma cholesterol levels show a similar extent of atherosclerosis. Thus, diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
AbstractList	Diabetes in humans accelerates cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. The relative contributions of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia to atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes are not clear, largely because there is a lack of suitable animal models. We therefore have developed a transgenic mouse model that closely mimics atherosclerosis in humans with type 1 diabetes by breeding low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice with transgenic mice in which type 1 diabetes can be induced at will. These mice express a viral protein under control of the insulin promoter and, when infected by the virus, develop an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing beta cells and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes. When these mice are fed a cholesterol-free diet, diabetes, in the absence of associated lipid abnormalities, causes both accelerated lesion initiation and increased arterial macrophage accumulation. When diabetic mice are fed cholesterol-rich diets, on the other hand, they develop severe hypertriglyceridemia and advanced lesions, characterized by extensive intralesional hemorrhage. This progression to advanced lesions is largely dependent on diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, because hyperlipidemic diabetic and nondiabetic mice with similar plasma cholesterol levels show a similar extent of atherosclerosis. Thus, diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Diabetes in humans accelerates cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. The relative contributions of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia to atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes are not clear, largely because there is a lack of suitable animal models. We therefore have developed a transgenic mouse model that closely mimics atherosclerosis in humans with type 1 diabetes by breeding low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice with transgenic mice in which type 1 diabetes can be induced at will. These mice express a viral protein under control of the insulin promoter and, when infected by the virus, develop an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing β cells and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes. When these mice are fed a cholesterol-free diet, diabetes, in the absence of associated lipid abnormalities, causes both accelerated lesion initiation and increased arterial macrophage accumulation. When diabetic mice are fed cholesterol-rich diets, on the other hand, they develop severe hypertriglyceridemia and advanced lesions, characterized by extensive intralesional hemorrhage. This progression to advanced lesions is largely dependent on diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, because hyperlipidemic diabetic and nondiabetic mice with similar plasma cholesterol levels show a similar extent of atherosclerosis. Thus, diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
Author	Lamharzi, Najib Tannock, Lisa R. Renard, Catherine B. Herrath, Matthias G. von Chait, Alan Kramer, Farah Bornfeldt, Karin E. Johansson, Fredrik
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Pathology and 2 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 3 La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Pathology and 2 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. 3 La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, California, USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Catherine B. surname: Renard fullname: Renard, Catherine B. – sequence: 2 givenname: Farah surname: Kramer fullname: Kramer, Farah – sequence: 3 givenname: Fredrik surname: Johansson fullname: Johansson, Fredrik – sequence: 4 givenname: Najib surname: Lamharzi fullname: Lamharzi, Najib – sequence: 5 givenname: Lisa R. surname: Tannock fullname: Tannock, Lisa R. – sequence: 6 givenname: Matthias G. von surname: Herrath fullname: Herrath, Matthias G. von – sequence: 7 givenname: Alan surname: Chait fullname: Chait, Alan – sequence: 8 givenname: Karin E. surname: Bornfeldt fullname: Bornfeldt, Karin E.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15343384$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 Address correspondence to: Karin E. Bornfeldt, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-7470, USA. Phone: (206) 543-1681; Fax: (206) 543-3644; E-mail: bornf@u.washington.edu.
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SubjectTerms	Animals Arteriosclerosis - etiology Arteriosclerosis - metabolism Atherosclerosis Biomedical research Cholesterol Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism Diet Glucose Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Glycoproteins Hemoglobin Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia - genetics Hyperglycemia - metabolism Insulin Islets of Langerhans - metabolism Islets of Langerhans - pathology Lipid Metabolism Lipids Low density lipoprotein receptors Metabolic disorders Mice Mice, Transgenic Receptors, LDL - deficiency Receptors, LDL - genetics
Title	Diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions
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