Comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative type 2 diabetes monitoring intervals in resource limited settings
Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiv...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Health policy and planning Vol. 39; no. 9; pp. 946 - 955 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
UK
Oxford University Press
01.11.2024
Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1460-2237, 0268-1080, 1460-2237 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals in the management of T2D. A Markov model with three health states (HbA1c <7%, HbA1c ≥ 7%, Dead) was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals among patients with T2D, using a provider’s perspective and a 3% discount rate. HbA1c monitoring strategies (three-monthly, four-monthly, six-monthly and annual tests) were evaluated with respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessing each comparator against a less costly, undominated alternative. The scope of costs included the direct medical costs of managing diabetes. Transition probabilities were obtained from routinely collected public sector HbA1c data, while health service utilization and health-related-quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were obtained from a local cluster randomized controlled trial. Other parameters were obtained from published studies. Robustness of findings was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A South African indicative cost-effectiveness threshold of USD2665 was adopted. Annual and lifetime costs of managing diabetes increased with HbA1c monitoring, while increased monitoring provides higher QALYs and life years. For the overall cohort, the ICER for six-monthly vs annual monitoring was cost-effective (USD23 22.37 per QALY gained), whereas the ICER of moving from six-monthly to three-monthly monitoring was not cost effective (USD6437.79 per QALY gained). The ICER for four-monthly vs six-monthly monitoring was extended dominated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ICERs were most sensitive to health service utilization rates. While the factors influencing glycaemic control are multifactorial, six-monthly monitoring is potentially cost-effective while more frequent monitoring could further improve patient HrQoL. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals in the management of T2D. A Markov model with three health states (HbA1c <7%, HbA1c ≥ 7%, Dead) was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals among patients with T2D, using a provider’s perspective and a 3% discount rate. HbA1c monitoring strategies (three-monthly, four-monthly, six-monthly and annual tests) were evaluated with respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessing each comparator against a less costly, undominated alternative. The scope of costs included the direct medical costs of managing diabetes. Transition probabilities were obtained from routinely collected public sector HbA1c data, while health service utilization and health-related-quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were obtained from a local cluster randomized controlled trial. Other parameters were obtained from published studies. Robustness of findings was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A South African indicative cost-effectiveness threshold of USD2665 was adopted. Annual and lifetime costs of managing diabetes increased with HbA1c monitoring, while increased monitoring provides higher QALYs and life years. For the overall cohort, the ICER for six-monthly vs annual monitoring was cost-effective (USD23 22.37 per QALY gained), whereas the ICER of moving from six-monthly to three-monthly monitoring was not cost effective (USD6437.79 per QALY gained). The ICER for four-monthly vs six-monthly monitoring was extended dominated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ICERs were most sensitive to health service utilization rates. While the factors influencing glycaemic control are multifactorial, six-monthly monitoring is potentially cost-effective while more frequent monitoring could further improve patient HrQoL. Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals in the management of T2D. A Markov model with three health states (HbA1c <7%, HbA1c ≥ 7%, Dead) was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals among patients with T2D, using a provider’s perspective and a 3% discount rate. HbA1c monitoring strategies (three-monthly, four-monthly, six-monthly and annual tests) were evaluated with respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessing each comparator against a less costly, undominated alternative. The scope of costs included the direct medical costs of managing diabetes. Transition probabilities were obtained from routinely collected public sector HbA1c data, while health service utilization and health-related-quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were obtained from a local cluster randomized controlled trial. Other parameters were obtained from published studies. Robustness of findings was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A South African indicative cost-effectiveness threshold of USD2665 was adopted. Annual and lifetime costs of managing diabetes increased with HbA1c monitoring, while increased monitoring provides higher QALYs and life years. For the overall cohort, the ICER for six-monthly vs annual monitoring was cost-effective (USD23 22.37 per QALY gained), whereas the ICER of moving from six-monthly to three-monthly monitoring was not cost effective (USD6437.79 per QALY gained). The ICER for four-monthly vs six-monthly monitoring was extended dominated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ICERs were most sensitive to health service utilization rates. While the factors influencing glycaemic control are multifactorial, six-monthly monitoring is potentially cost-effective while more frequent monitoring could further improve patient HrQoL. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals in the management of T2D. A Markov model with three health states (HbA1c <7%, HbA1c ≥ 7%, Dead) was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals among patients with T2D, using a provider's perspective and a 3% discount rate. HbA1c monitoring strategies (three-monthly, four-monthly, six-monthly and annual tests) were evaluated with respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessing each comparator against a less costly, undominated alternative. The scope of costs included the direct medical costs of managing diabetes. Transition probabilities were obtained from routinely collected public sector HbA1c data, while health service utilization and health-related-quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were obtained from a local cluster randomized controlled trial. Other parameters were obtained from published studies. Robustness of findings was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A South African indicative cost-effectiveness threshold of USD2665 was adopted. Annual and lifetime costs of managing diabetes increased with HbA1c monitoring, while increased monitoring provides higher QALYs and life years. For the overall cohort, the ICER for six-monthly vs annual monitoring was cost-effective (USD23 22.37 per QALY gained), whereas the ICER of moving from six-monthly to three-monthly monitoring was not cost effective (USD6437.79 per QALY gained). The ICER for four-monthly vs six-monthly monitoring was extended dominated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ICERs were most sensitive to health service utilization rates. While the factors influencing glycaemic control are multifactorial, six-monthly monitoring is potentially cost-effective while more frequent monitoring could further improve patient HrQoL.Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals in the management of T2D. A Markov model with three health states (HbA1c <7%, HbA1c ≥ 7%, Dead) was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals among patients with T2D, using a provider's perspective and a 3% discount rate. HbA1c monitoring strategies (three-monthly, four-monthly, six-monthly and annual tests) were evaluated with respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessing each comparator against a less costly, undominated alternative. The scope of costs included the direct medical costs of managing diabetes. Transition probabilities were obtained from routinely collected public sector HbA1c data, while health service utilization and health-related-quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were obtained from a local cluster randomized controlled trial. Other parameters were obtained from published studies. Robustness of findings was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A South African indicative cost-effectiveness threshold of USD2665 was adopted. Annual and lifetime costs of managing diabetes increased with HbA1c monitoring, while increased monitoring provides higher QALYs and life years. For the overall cohort, the ICER for six-monthly vs annual monitoring was cost-effective (USD23 22.37 per QALY gained), whereas the ICER of moving from six-monthly to three-monthly monitoring was not cost effective (USD6437.79 per QALY gained). The ICER for four-monthly vs six-monthly monitoring was extended dominated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ICERs were most sensitive to health service utilization rates. While the factors influencing glycaemic control are multifactorial, six-monthly monitoring is potentially cost-effective while more frequent monitoring could further improve patient HrQoL. |
| Author | Mukonda, Elton Rusch, Jody A van der Westhuizen, Diederick J Myers, Bronwyn Lesosky, Maia Cleary, Susan Sithole, Siphesihle Levitt, Naomi S |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Elton orcidid: 0000-0002-3930-3389 surname: Mukonda fullname: Mukonda, Elton email: elton.mukonda@uct.ac.za – sequence: 2 givenname: Maia surname: Lesosky fullname: Lesosky, Maia – sequence: 3 givenname: Siphesihle surname: Sithole fullname: Sithole, Siphesihle – sequence: 4 givenname: Diederick J surname: van der Westhuizen fullname: van der Westhuizen, Diederick J – sequence: 5 givenname: Jody A surname: Rusch fullname: Rusch, Jody A – sequence: 6 givenname: Naomi S surname: Levitt fullname: Levitt, Naomi S – sequence: 7 givenname: Bronwyn orcidid: 0000-0003-0235-6716 surname: Myers fullname: Myers, Bronwyn – sequence: 8 givenname: Susan orcidid: 0000-0002-9071-7958 surname: Cleary fullname: Cleary, Susan |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39096519$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFks1r3DAQxUVJab567bEIcmkPTiRLsqVTKEvSFgK9NGchy-Osgi25kryQXvuPR5vdhqSXnjTM_OYxD71jdOCDB4Q-UHJOiWIXazBzGC_sbwOkrd-gI8obUtU1aw9e1IfoOKV7QijnXLxDh0wR1QiqjtCfVZhmE52_w3kNGIYBbHYb8JASNr7HNqRcvW6HAZsxQ_Rm28L5YQZc496ZDjIkPAXvcniSdL5gGzOmUuEIKSzRAh7d5DL0OEHOhUqn6O1QGHi_f0_Q7fXVz9W36ubH1--rLzeV5Zzmqu5b1nUC-kaqBnjTyuKASwtUciEZU30tlQTbEjIIA8xQao3sbCcMba1Q7ARd7nTnpZugt-BzNKOeo5tMfNDBOP164t1a34WNppS3XFFeFD7tFWL4tUDKenLJwjgaD2FJmhHZNkoSKQp69g96X9z74k8zWktSMyK21MeXJz3f8veDCnC-A2wMKUUYnhFK9DYBepcAvU9AWfi8WwjL_D_2EVDYt28 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045511 10.7189/jogh.11.04055 10.1186/s12913-018-3772-8 10.1186/s12963-016-0110-4 10.1155/2018/6093595 10.3389/fphar.2020.588309 10.2147/DMSO.S126314 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6 10.1515/cclm-2018-0503 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07037-8 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-012026 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108072 10.1038/s41598-023-49322-8 10.1186/s41043-022-00281-2 10.1186/s12872-018-0914-1 10.2165/11531590-000000000-00000 10.2337/dc14-0297 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.013 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03412.x 10.1007/s13300-021-00997-0 10.1007/s40273-015-0268-9 10.2337/dc13-2112 10.2147/PPA.S324586 10.1111/dom.12288 10.1186/s12889-022-14730-4 10.1093/heapol/czz152 10.1155/2017/9536025 10.1186/s12913-021-07324-0 10.2105/AJPH.94.3.416 10.1002/hec.3295 10.1007/s40258-020-00618-0 10.1177/1932296816678263 10.1007/978-3-030-47622-9_4 10.3109/07853890109002087 10.1373/clinchem.2010.157586 10.1136/bmj.330.7492.644 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01641-5 10.1093/fampra/cmaa074 10.1186/s13063-018-2568-9 10.1080/16549716.2019.1636611 10.1056/NEJMoa1800256 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 2024 The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 2024 – notice: The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. |
| DBID | TOX AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QJ 7T2 7TQ 8BJ C1K DHY DON FQK JBE K9. 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1093/heapol/czae072 |
| DatabaseName | Oxford Journals Open Access Collection CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive) PAIS Index International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management PAIS International PAIS International (Ovid) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences International Bibliography of the Social Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Safety Science Abstracts International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) PAIS International Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: TOX name: Oxford Journals Open Access (Activated by CARLI) url: https://academic.oup.com/journals/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 3 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Public Health |
| EISSN | 1460-2237 |
| EndPage | 955 |
| ExternalDocumentID | PMC11474914 39096519 10_1093_heapol_czae072 10.1093/heapol/czae072 |
| Genre | Journal Article Comparative Study |
| GeographicLocations | South Africa |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: South Africa |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Wellcome Trust – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MR/M014290/1 – fundername: UK Economic and Social Research Council grantid: MR/M014290/1 – fundername: Wellcome Trust grantid: MR/M014290/1; Myers – fundername: National Research Foundation grantid: UID 129506 – fundername: ; grantid: UID 129506 – fundername: ; grantid: MR/M014290/1; Myers – fundername: ; grantid: MR/M014290/1 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -E4 .2P .I3 .ZR 0R~ 18M 1TH 29I 2WC 4.4 482 48X 53G 5GY 5VS 5WA 70D A8Z AABZA AACZT AAJKP AAJQQ AAMVS AAOGV AAPGJ AAPNW AAPQZ AAPXW AARHZ AAUQX AAVAP AAWDT AAWTL AAZDW ABBHK ABEJV ABEUO ABGNP ABIVO ABIXL ABKDP ABLJU ABNGD ABNKS ABPQP ABPTD ABQLI ABSMQ ABWST ABXSQ ABXVV ABYLZ ABZBJ ACFRR ACGFO ACGFS ACHQT ACPQN ACPRK ACUFI ACUKT ACUTJ ACUTO ACVHY ADBBV ADEYI ADEZT ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADMHG ADMTO ADOCK ADQBN ADRTK ADULT ADVEK ADYVW ADZXQ AEAAH AEGPL AEHUL AEJOX AEKPW AEKSI AEMDU AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AEUPB AEWNT AFFZL AFIYH AFOFC AFRAH AFSHK AFYAG AGINJ AGKEF AGKRT AGQPQ AGQXC AGQZG AGSYK AHGBF AHMBA AHXPO AIAGR AIJHB AILCM AJEEA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQC ALXQX AMHCJ AMNDL APIBT APJGH APWMN AQDSO AQKUS ASPBG ATTQO AVWKF AXUDD AZFZN BAWUL BAYMD BEYMZ BHONS BTRTY BVRKM BWUDY BZKNY C1A C45 CAG CDBKE CNZYI COF CS3 CZ4 DAKXR DIK DILTD DU5 D~K E3Z EBD EBS EE~ EGZRM EIHJH EJD EMOBN F5P F9B FEDTE FLUFQ FOEOM FOTVD FQBLK FTKQU GAUVT GJXCC GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 H5~ HAR HVGLF HW0 HZ~ IOX J21 JENOY JKPJF JPL JPM JST JVCUD JXSIZ KAQDR KBUDW KOP KQ8 KSI KSN M-Z MBLQV MS~ N9A NGC NOMLY NOYVH NPJNY NTWIH NU- NVLIB O0~ O9- OAWHX OBFPC ODMLO OJQWA OK1 OPAEJ O~Y P2P PAFKI PB- PEELM PMKZF PQQKQ PVKVW Q1. Q5Y QBD R44 RD5 RIG RNI ROL ROZ RPM RUSNO RW1 RXO RZF RZO SA0 SV3 TJX TMA TOX TR2 W8F WH7 WOQ X7H YAYTL YHZ YKOAZ YXANX ZKX ~91 ~OX ~OY ~P0 AAYXX ADPDF CITATION ESTFP ROX TEORI CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7QJ 7T2 7TQ 8BJ C1K DHY DON FQK JBE K9. 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-2d73bb5ed6896e467851948ce18458339d2898ec700f5ae3a11ca8bcb5a17c593 |
| IEDL.DBID | TOX |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 2 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001299807600001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1460-2237 0268-1080 |
| IngestDate | Tue Sep 30 17:07:25 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 28 09:55:43 EDT 2025 Fri Nov 07 23:56:51 EST 2025 Sat May 31 02:12:09 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 02:30:52 EST 2025 Mon Jun 30 08:34:42 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 9 |
| Keywords | Type-2 diabetes cost-effectiveness low- and middle-income countries routine monitoring |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c441t-2d73bb5ed6896e467851948ce18458339d2898ec700f5ae3a11ca8bcb5a17c593 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0235-6716 0000-0002-9071-7958 0000-0002-3930-3389 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czae072 |
| PMID | 39096519 |
| PQID | 3128023055 |
| PQPubID | 34190 |
| PageCount | 10 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11474914 proquest_miscellaneous_3087698085 proquest_journals_3128023055 pubmed_primary_39096519 crossref_primary_10_1093_heapol_czae072 oup_primary_10_1093_heapol_czae072 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-11-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2024 text: 2024-11-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | UK |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: UK – name: England – name: Oxford |
| PublicationTitle | Health policy and planning |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Health Policy Plan |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Oxford University Press – name: Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
| References | Hirst (2024101511391040600_R18) 2021; 11 Asante (2024101511391040600_R3) 2020; 18 Masuku (2024101511391040600_R24) 2022; 22 Jackson (2024101511391040600_R21) 2023; 13 Statistics South Africa (2024101511391040600_R48) 2020 Duff (2024101511391040600_R10) 2018; 57 The National Department of Health, South Africa (2024101511391040600_R33) 2020 Rawshani (2024101511391040600_R43) 2018; 379 Grundlingh (2024101511391040600_R17) 2022; 41 Mukonda (2024101511391040600_R27) 2021; 11 Pastakia (2024101511391040600_R40) 2017; 10 The society for endocrinology, metabolism and diabetes of South Africa Type 2 Diabetes Guidelines Expert Committee (2024101511391040600_R51) 2017; 21 Erzse (2024101511391040600_R13) 2019; 12 Pinchevsky (2024101511391040600_R41) 2017; 2017 Statistics South Africa (2024101511391040600_R49) 2020 GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborators (2024101511391040600_R15) 2020; 396 Aschner (2024101511391040600_R4) 2021; 12 National Health Laboratory Service (2024101511391040600_R35) Ohde (2024101511391040600_R37) 2018; 135 International Diabetes Federation (2024101511391040600_R20) 2021 Elwenspoek (2024101511391040600_R12) 2020; 37 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group (2024101511391040600_R52) 1998; 352 Donner (2024101511391040600_R8) 2004; 94 The National Department of Health, South Africa (2024101511391040600_R34) 2022 Tarride (2024101511391040600_R50) 2010; 28 Rosenquist (2024101511391040600_R45) 2018 Navarro-Pérez (2024101511391040600_R36) 2018; 18 Park (2024101511391040600_R39) 2018; 2018 Dall (2024101511391040600_R6) 2016; 14 The National Department of Health, South Africa (2024101511391040600_R31) 2013 McCoy (2024101511391040600_R25) 2015; 351 Afroz (2024101511391040600_R1) 2018; 18 Edoka (2024101511391040600_R11) 2020; 35 Cunnama (2024101511391040600_R5) 2016; 25 Myers (2024101511391040600_R29) 2018; 19 Kalayou Haftu (2024101511391040600_R22) 2022; 16 Rosa (2024101511391040600_R44) 2021; 11 Wermeling (2024101511391040600_R53) 2014; 16 Rabin (2024101511391040600_R42) 2001; 33 Devlin (2024101511391040600_R7) 2020 Mukonda (2024101511391040600_R26) 2021; 21 Fu (2024101511391040600_R14) 2012; 35 Massyn (2024101511391040600_R23) 2020 Driskell (2024101511391040600_R9) 2014; 37 Schnell (2024101511391040600_R46) 2017; 11 Glasziou (2024101511391040600_R16) 2005; 330 Williams (2024101511391040600_R54) 2020; 162 Imai (2024101511391040600_R19) 2021; 30 Oke (2024101511391040600_R38) 2012; 29 Seuring (2024101511391040600_R47) 2015; 33 Myers (2024101511391040600_R28) 2022; 400 Al-Ansary (2024101511391040600_R2) 2011; 57 Nathan (2024101511391040600_R30) 2014; 37 The National Department of Health, South Africa (2024101511391040600_R32) 2020 |
| References_xml | – volume: 11 year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R18 article-title: Point-of-care HbA 1c testing in an urban primary care diabetes clinic in South Africa: a mixed methods feasibility study publication-title: BMJ Open doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045511 – volume: 11 year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R27 article-title: A comparative analysis and review of how national guidelines for chronic disease monitoring are made in low- and middle-income compared to high-income countries publication-title: Journal of Global Health doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04055 – year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R49 article-title: Financial Statistics of Provincial Government 2019/2020 – volume: 18 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R1 article-title: Cost-of-illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus in low and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review publication-title: BMC Health Services Research doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3772-8 – volume: 14 year: 2016 ident: 2024101511391040600_R6 article-title: Type 2 diabetes detection and management among insured adults publication-title: Population Health Metrics. doi: 10.1186/s12963-016-0110-4 – volume: 2018 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R39 article-title: Access to hemoglobin A1c in rural Africa: a difficult reality with severe consequences publication-title: Journal of Diabetes Research doi: 10.1155/2018/6093595 – volume: 11 year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R44 article-title: Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care A1C tests in a primary care setting publication-title: Frontiers in Pharmacology doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588309 – volume: 10 start-page: 247 year: 2017 ident: 2024101511391040600_R40 article-title: Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa – from policy to practice to progress: targeting the existing gaps for future care for diabetes publication-title: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S126314 – volume: 396 start-page: 1160 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R15 article-title: Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30977-6 – volume: 57 start-page: 296 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R10 article-title: The frequency of testing for glycated haemoglobin, HbA 1c, is linked to the probability of achieving target levels in patients with suboptimally controlled diabetes mellitus publication-title: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) doi: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0503 – volume-title: Essential Drugs Programme. Primary Healthcare Standard Treatment Guideline and Essential Medicine List year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R32 – volume: 352 start-page: 854 year: 1998 ident: 2024101511391040600_R52 article-title: Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34) publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07037-8 – volume: 30 start-page: 706 year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R19 article-title: Adherence to guideline-recommended HbA1c testing frequency and better outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 5-year retrospective cohort study in Australian general practice publication-title: BMJ Quality & Safety doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-012026 – volume: 162 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R54 article-title: Global and regional estimates and projections of diabetes-related health expenditure: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition publication-title: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108072 – volume-title: Government Gazette year: 2013 ident: 2024101511391040600_R31 article-title: Guidelines for Pharmacoeconomic Submissions 2012 – volume: 21 start-page: S1 year: 2017 ident: 2024101511391040600_R51 article-title: The 2017 SEMDSA Guideline for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes publication-title: JEMDSA – year: 2022 ident: 2024101511391040600_R34 article-title: South African Medicine Price Registry. Database of Medicine Prices August 2022 – volume: 13 year: 2023 ident: 2024101511391040600_R21 article-title: Assessing health-related quality of life of people with diabetes in Nigeria using the EQ-5D-5L: a cross-sectional study publication-title: Scientific Reports doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49322-8 – volume-title: Diabetes in America year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R45 – volume: 41 year: 2022 ident: 2024101511391040600_R17 article-title: Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and pre-diabetes in South Africa publication-title: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition doi: 10.1186/s41043-022-00281-2 – ident: 2024101511391040600_R35 article-title: About Us – volume: 18 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R36 article-title: Mortality and cardiovascular disease burden of uncontrolled diabetes in a registry-based cohort: the ESCARVAL-risk study publication-title: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0914-1 – volume: 28 start-page: 255 year: 2010 ident: 2024101511391040600_R50 article-title: A review of methods used in long-term cost-effectiveness models of diabetes mellitus treatment publication-title: PharmacoEconomics doi: 10.2165/11531590-000000000-00000 – volume: 37 start-page: 2731 year: 2014 ident: 2024101511391040600_R9 article-title: Reduced testing frequency for glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, is associated with deteriorating diabetes control publication-title: Diabete Care doi: 10.2337/dc14-0297 – volume: 135 start-page: 166 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R37 article-title: HbA1c monitoring interval in patients on treatment for stable type 2 diabetes: a ten-year retrospective, open cohort study publication-title: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.013 – volume: 29 start-page: 266 year: 2012 ident: 2024101511391040600_R38 article-title: Establishing an evidence base for frequency of monitoring glycated haemoglobin levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes: projections of effectiveness from a regression model publication-title: Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03412.x – volume: 12 start-page: 1491 year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R4 article-title: Glycemic control and prevention of diabetic complications in low- and middle-income countries: an expert opinion publication-title: Diabetes Therapy: Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders doi: 10.1007/s13300-021-00997-0 – volume: 33 start-page: 811 year: 2015 ident: 2024101511391040600_R47 article-title: The economic costs of type 2 diabetes: a global systematic review publication-title: PharmacoEconomics doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0268-9 – volume: 37 start-page: 9 year: 2014 ident: 2024101511391040600_R30 article-title: The diabetes control and complications trial/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study at 30 years: overview publication-title: Diabete Care doi: 10.2337/dc13-2112 – volume: 16 start-page: 3143 year: 2022 ident: 2024101511391040600_R22 article-title: Health-related quality of life using EQ-5D-3L utility score among type 2 diabetes patients: experiences from Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia publication-title: Patient Preference and Adherence doi: 10.2147/PPA.S324586 – volume: 16 start-page: 841 year: 2014 ident: 2024101511391040600_R53 article-title: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 3-monthly versus 6-monthly monitoring of well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients: a pragmatic randomised controlled patient-preference equivalence trial in primary care (EFFIMODI study) publication-title: Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism doi: 10.1111/dom.12288 – volume: 22 year: 2022 ident: 2024101511391040600_R24 article-title: The costs of interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in South Africa – a systematic literature review publication-title: BMC Public Health doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14730-4 – volume-title: Statistical release PO141. 2020 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R48 article-title: Consumer Price Index (CPI) – volume: 35 start-page: 546 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R11 article-title: Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold for health care decision-making in South Africa publication-title: Health Policy & Planning doi: 10.1093/heapol/czz152 – volume: 2017 year: 2017 ident: 2024101511391040600_R41 article-title: Treatment gaps found in the management of type 2 diabetes at a community health centre in Johannesburg, South Africa publication-title: Journal of Diabetes Research doi: 10.1155/2017/9536025 – volume: 21 year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R26 article-title: A review of simulation models for the long-term management of type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries publication-title: BMC Health Services Research doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-07324-0 – volume-title: IDF Diabetes Atlas year: 2021 ident: 2024101511391040600_R20 – volume: 35 start-page: 269 year: 2012 ident: 2024101511391040600_R14 article-title: Frequency of glycated hemoglobin monitoring was inversely associated with glycaemic control of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus publication-title: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation – volume: 94 start-page: 416 year: 2004 ident: 2024101511391040600_R8 article-title: Pitfalls of and controversies in cluster randomization trials publication-title: American Journal of Public Health doi: 10.2105/AJPH.94.3.416 – volume: 25 start-page: 53 year: 2016 ident: 2024101511391040600_R5 article-title: Using top-down and bottom-up costing approaches in LMICs: the case for using both to assess the incremental costs of new technologies at scale publication-title: Health Economics doi: 10.1002/hec.3295 – volume: 18 start-page: 743 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R3 article-title: Health financing in Sub-Saharan Africa: from analytical frameworks to empirical evaluation publication-title: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy doi: 10.1007/s40258-020-00618-0 – volume: 11 start-page: 611 year: 2017 ident: 2024101511391040600_R46 article-title: Impact of HbA1c testing at point of care on diabetes management publication-title: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology doi: 10.1177/1932296816678263 – year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R33 article-title: Adult Primary Care (APC): Symptom-based Integrated Approach to the Adult in Primary Care 2019/2020 – start-page: 61 volume-title: Methods for Analysing and Reporting EQ-5D Data year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R7 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-47622-9_4 – volume: 33 start-page: 337 year: 2001 ident: 2024101511391040600_R42 article-title: EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group publication-title: Annals of Medicine doi: 10.3109/07853890109002087 – volume: 57 start-page: 568 year: 2011 ident: 2024101511391040600_R2 article-title: Point-of-Care Testing for Hb A(1c) in the management of diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis publication-title: Clinical Chemistry doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.157586 – volume: 330 start-page: 644 year: 2005 ident: 2024101511391040600_R16 article-title: Monitoring in chronic disease: a rational approach publication-title: British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) doi: 10.1136/bmj.330.7492.644 – volume: 351 year: 2015 ident: 2024101511391040600_R25 article-title: HbA1c overtesting and overtreatment among US adults with controlled type 2 diabetes, 2001-13: observational population-based study publication-title: British Medical Journal – volume: 400 start-page: 1321 year: 2022 ident: 2024101511391040600_R28 article-title: Comparing dedicated and designated approaches to integrating task-shared psychological interventions into chronic disease care in South Africa: a three-arm, cluster-randomised, multicentre, open-label trial publication-title: The Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01641-5 – volume: 37 start-page: 845 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R12 article-title: What methods are being used to create an evidence base on the use of laboratory tests to monitor long-term conditions in primary care? A scoping review publication-title: Family Practice doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa074 – volume: 19 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R29 article-title: Comparing dedicated and designated models of integrating mental health into chronic disease care: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial publication-title: Trials doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2568-9 – volume: 12 year: 2019 ident: 2024101511391040600_R13 article-title: The direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Africa: a cost of illness study publication-title: Global Health Action doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1636611 – volume-title: District Health Barometer 2019/20 year: 2020 ident: 2024101511391040600_R23 – volume: 379 start-page: 633 year: 2018 ident: 2024101511391040600_R43 article-title: Mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes publication-title: The New England Journal of Medicine doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1800256 |
| SSID | ssj0014445 |
| Score | 2.419869 |
| Snippet | Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for... Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref oup |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 946 |
| SubjectTerms | Alternative approaches Alternatives Clinical trials Cost analysis Cost effectiveness Cost-Benefit Analysis Costs Data quality Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy Effectiveness Female Glucose Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis Glycemic control Health care expenditures Health services Health services utilization Health status Hemoglobin Humans Intervals Male Markov analysis Markov Chains Middle Aged Monitoring Original Parameter robustness Parameter sensitivity Patients Probability Public sector Quality adjusted life years Quality of Life Resource-Limited Settings Robust control Robustness Sensitivity analysis South Africa Telemedicine Transition probabilities Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Title | Comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative type 2 diabetes monitoring intervals in resource limited settings |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39096519 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3128023055 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3087698085 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11474914 |
| Volume | 39 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001299807600001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2237 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014445 issn: 1460-2237 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20240101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVASL databaseName: Oxford Journals Open Access (Activated by CARLI) customDbUrl: eissn: 1460-2237 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0014445 issn: 1460-2237 databaseCode: TOX dateStart: 19860301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://academic.oup.com/journals/ providerName: Oxford University Press |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3NS-QwFH-44mFhWT_Wj_oxRFnYU7FtkmlyFFE8qQeFuZU0SXVAW5mOHva6__i-JJ1iRVBvpU3bkPfy8nvfAL-1MQyBJ4-5VRkqKCqJpeFVbPm4tBQPvLHQvtlEfnkpJhN53RWLbt9x4Ut6jELpqXk41n-VTXInbVMuHEffXE16fwFjjPclGd--MjhyBmlsr9Dk26DIV6fM-eoX5rcGPzsoSU4C7ddhydYb8CPY4UhIL_oF_05Do8H6jiDUIyF8o5NwRNWG6Kadx8PbTUW8E732RcGJs9KSjCystOTRiwH_yamPmEQOxisy6zwB5CEkTZHW-qDqdhNuz89uTi_irvFCrBEdzePM5LQsuTVjIccWRSnCMsmEtqgOuiwtaVBNE1bnSVJxZalKU61EqUuu0lxzSbdguW5quwOEGt8dS_GqEqykWalzWZXaoFbIpLZJBH8WtCmeQn2NIvjFaREWtugWNoIjJN2Hg_YXlC26zdgWFM9gp2pxHsFh_xi3kfONqNo2zzjGleaTAgFoBNuBEfpfUelK5KQyAjFgkX6AK9E9fFJP732pbtQ2cyZTtvuZye_B9wwhU8h03Ifl-ezZHsCKfplP29kIvuUTMfI2g5Fn_v_FwwjG |
| linkProvider | Oxford University Press |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+effectiveness+and+cost-effectiveness+of+alternative+type+2+diabetes+monitoring+intervals+in+resource+limited+settings&rft.jtitle=Health+policy+and+planning&rft.au=Mukonda%2C+Elton&rft.au=Lesosky%2C+Maia&rft.au=Sithole%2C+Siphesihle&rft.au=Diederick+J+van+der+Westhuizen&rft.date=2024-11-01&rft.pub=Oxford+Publishing+Limited+%28England%29&rft.issn=0268-1080&rft.eissn=1460-2237&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=946&rft.epage=955&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fheapol%2Fczae072&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1460-2237&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1460-2237&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1460-2237&client=summon |