Performance of inherently compensated flat pad aerostatic bearings subject to dynamic perturbation forces

► Dynamic performance of inherently compensated aerostatic bearing has been investigated. ► No negative stiffness observed (except for orifice diameter≤0.05mm). ► Conditions for dynamic instability have been identified. ► Technique to ease assembly of orifices has been discussed. The importance of a...

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Published in:	Precision engineering Vol. 36; no. 3; pp. 399 - 407
Main Authors:	Bhat, Nikhil, Kumar, Senthil, Tan, Wayne, Narasimhan, Ramarthinam, Low, Tsu Chuin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.07.2012 Elsevier
Subjects:	Aerostatic bearings Air bearing Air bearings Applied sciences Bearings Bearings, bushings, rolling bearings Computational methods in fluid dynamics Design engineering Drives Dynamical systems Dynamics Exact sciences and technology Fluid dynamics Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Gas bearings Inherent compensation Mathematical analysis Mechanical engineering. Machine design Physics Precision engineering, watch making Static and dynamic performance Air bearing Static and dynamic performance Inherent compensation Static characteristic Compressible fluid Obstacle Precision engineering Steady flow High precision Jack hammer Modeling Conservation law Load capacity Machine tool Air bubble Reynolds equation Assembly Gas bearing Experimental study Steady state Air cushion Plate Incompressible flow Laminar flow Diaphragm Incompressible fluid Compressible flow
ISSN:	0141-6359, 1873-2372
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Abstract	► Dynamic performance of inherently compensated aerostatic bearing has been investigated. ► No negative stiffness observed (except for orifice diameter≤0.05mm). ► Conditions for dynamic instability have been identified. ► Technique to ease assembly of orifices has been discussed. The importance of air bearing design is growing in engineering. As the trend to precision and ultra precision manufacture gains pace and the drive to higher quality and more reliable products continues, the advantages which can be gained from applying aerostatic bearings to machine tools, instrumentation and test rigs is becoming more apparent. The inlet restrictor design is significant for air bearings because it affects the static and dynamic performance of the air bearing. For instance pocketed orifice bearings give higher load capacity as compared to inherently compensated orifice type bearings, however inherently compensated orifices, also known as laminar flow restrictors are known to give highly stable air bearing systems (less prone to pneumatic hammer) as compared to pocketed orifice air bearing systems. However, they are not commonly used because of the difficulties encountered in manufacturing and assembly of the orifice designs. This paper aims to analyse the static and dynamic characteristics of inherently compensated orifice based flat pad air bearing system. Based on Reynolds equation and mass conservation equation for incompressible flow, the steady state characteristics are studied while the dynamic state characteristics are performed in a similar manner however, using the above equations for compressible flow. Steady state experiments were also performed for a single orifice air bearing and the results are compared to that obtained from theoretical studies. A technique to ease the assembly of orifices with the air bearing plate has also been discussed so as to make the manufacturing of the inherently compensated bearings more commercially viable.
AbstractList	The importance of air bearing design is growing in engineering. As the trend to precision and ultra precision manufacture gains pace and the drive to higher quality and more reliable products continues, the advantages which can be gained from applying aerostatic bearings to machine tools, instrumentation and test rigs is becoming more apparent. The inlet restrictor design is significant for air bearings because it affects the static and dynamic performance of the air bearing. For instance pocketed orifice bearings give higher load capacity as compared to inherently compensated orifice type bearings, however inherently compensated orifices, also known as laminar flow restrictors are known to give highly stable air bearing systems (less prone to pneumatic hammer) as compared to pocketed orifice air bearing systems. However, they are not commonly used because of the difficulties encountered in manufacturing and assembly of the orifice designs. This paper aims to analyse the static and dynamic characteristics of inherently compensated orifice based flat pad air bearing system. Based on Reynolds equation and mass conservation equation for incompressible flow, the steady state characteristics are studied while the dynamic state characteristics are performed in a similar manner however, using the above equations for compressible flow. Steady state experiments were also performed for a single orifice air bearing and the results are compared to that obtained from theoretical studies. A technique to ease the assembly of orifices with the air bearing plate has also been discussed so as to make the manufacturing of the inherently compensated bearings more commercially viable. ► Dynamic performance of inherently compensated aerostatic bearing has been investigated. ► No negative stiffness observed (except for orifice diameter≤0.05mm). ► Conditions for dynamic instability have been identified. ► Technique to ease assembly of orifices has been discussed. The importance of air bearing design is growing in engineering. As the trend to precision and ultra precision manufacture gains pace and the drive to higher quality and more reliable products continues, the advantages which can be gained from applying aerostatic bearings to machine tools, instrumentation and test rigs is becoming more apparent. The inlet restrictor design is significant for air bearings because it affects the static and dynamic performance of the air bearing. For instance pocketed orifice bearings give higher load capacity as compared to inherently compensated orifice type bearings, however inherently compensated orifices, also known as laminar flow restrictors are known to give highly stable air bearing systems (less prone to pneumatic hammer) as compared to pocketed orifice air bearing systems. However, they are not commonly used because of the difficulties encountered in manufacturing and assembly of the orifice designs. This paper aims to analyse the static and dynamic characteristics of inherently compensated orifice based flat pad air bearing system. Based on Reynolds equation and mass conservation equation for incompressible flow, the steady state characteristics are studied while the dynamic state characteristics are performed in a similar manner however, using the above equations for compressible flow. Steady state experiments were also performed for a single orifice air bearing and the results are compared to that obtained from theoretical studies. A technique to ease the assembly of orifices with the air bearing plate has also been discussed so as to make the manufacturing of the inherently compensated bearings more commercially viable.
Author	Bhat, Nikhil Low, Tsu Chuin Narasimhan, Ramarthinam Kumar, Senthil Tan, Wayne
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Nikhil surname: Bhat fullname: Bhat, Nikhil email: bnj2@np.edu.sg organization: Center of Innovation, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Senthil surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Senthil email: mpeask@nus.edu.sg organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Wayne surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Wayne email: enyawnat@gmail.com organization: DSO National Laboratories, Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Ramarthinam surname: Narasimhan fullname: Narasimhan, Ramarthinam email: narasi@mecheng.iisc.ernet.in organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India – sequence: 5 givenname: Tsu Chuin surname: Low fullname: Low, Tsu Chuin email: lowtc@makino.com.sg organization: Makino Asia Pte Ltd., Singapore
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Cites_doi	10.1016/0301-679X(84)90019-7 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06782-5 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2010.01.004 10.1115/1.2920928 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2010.04.001 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2008.06.003 10.1016/j.triboint.2010.10.003 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2009.06.010 10.1016/0301-679X(92)90048-R 10.1243/13506501JET183 10.1016/j.triboint.2010.01.002 10.1115/1.4002730 10.1016/0020-7357(73)90017-6 10.1016/j.triboint.2010.07.012 10.1016/0301-679X(85)90063-5 10.1016/j.triboint.2006.11.001 10.1016/S0301-679X(97)00001-7 10.1016/0043-1648(81)90155-1 10.1115/1.2219760 10.1016/0043-1648(88)90002-6
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Keywords	Air bearing Static and dynamic performance Inherent compensation Static characteristic Compressible fluid Obstacle Precision engineering Steady flow High precision Jack hammer Modeling Conservation law Load capacity Machine tool Air bubble Reynolds equation Assembly Gas bearing Experimental study Steady state Air cushion Plate Incompressible flow Laminar flow Diaphragm Incompressible fluid Compressible flow
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Snippet	► Dynamic performance of inherently compensated aerostatic bearing has been investigated. ► No negative stiffness observed (except for orifice... The importance of air bearing design is growing in engineering. As the trend to precision and ultra precision manufacture gains pace and the drive to higher...
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SubjectTerms	Aerostatic bearings Air bearing Air bearings Applied sciences Bearings Bearings, bushings, rolling bearings Computational methods in fluid dynamics Design engineering Drives Dynamical systems Dynamics Exact sciences and technology Fluid dynamics Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Gas bearings Inherent compensation Mathematical analysis Mechanical engineering. Machine design Physics Precision engineering, watch making Static and dynamic performance
Title	Performance of inherently compensated flat pad aerostatic bearings subject to dynamic perturbation forces
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