The Terminal Segment of the Seminiferous Tubule: The Current Discovery of Its Morphofunctional Importance in Mammals

The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the straight tubule; however, its final portion—the terminal segment (TS)—has a different tissue composition. This paper reviews the most important hi...

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Published in:	Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 305
Main Authors:	Seco-Rovira, Vicente, Beltrán-Frutos, Ester, Martínez-Hernández, Jesús, Madrid, Juan Francisco, Pastor, Luis Miguel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 18.02.2025 MDPI
Subjects:	Animals Cell proliferation Communication Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Fertility Functional morphology Humans Immunohistochemistry Leydig cells Leydig Cells - cytology Male Mammals Microscopy proliferation Review seminiferous epithelium Seminiferous tubule Seminiferous Tubules - anatomy & histology Seminiferous Tubules - cytology Seminiferous Tubules - physiology sertoli cell Sertoli cells Sertoli Cells - cytology Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis - physiology Spermatogonia terminal segment Testes Testis sertoli cell terminal segment proliferation testes seminiferous epithelium
ISSN:	2073-4409, 2073-4409
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Abstract	The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the straight tubule; however, its final portion—the terminal segment (TS)—has a different tissue composition. This paper reviews the most important histological results from mammal studies from the last decades of the 20th century, including the different nomenclatures given to the TS. The TS presents a loss of spermatogenesis and is lined mainly with modified Sertoli cells. There is no unanimity among authors when it comes to naming and defining TS. In the last ten years, studies on rats and mice have highlighted the importance of this testicular zone, proposing that there is a high proliferation of modified Sertoli cells with an undifferentiated cellular profile associated with stem spermatogonia. In hamsters, an immunohistochemical study showed the existence of heterogeneity between these cells, and the surrounding interstitium presents numerous Leydig cells that are ultrastructurally different from those of the rest of the testis rest. In conclusion, we have only just begun to understand the tissue biology of TS. Emerging research is very promising; it can potentially modify our current knowledge of testicular biology and be very useful in promoting the advancement of male fertility restoration therapies in andrology.
AbstractList	The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the straight tubule; however, its final portion—the terminal segment (TS)—has a different tissue composition. This paper reviews the most important histological results from mammal studies from the last decades of the 20th century, including the different nomenclatures given to the TS. The TS presents a loss of spermatogenesis and is lined mainly with modified Sertoli cells. There is no unanimity among authors when it comes to naming and defining TS. In the last ten years, studies on rats and mice have highlighted the importance of this testicular zone, proposing that there is a high proliferation of modified Sertoli cells with an undifferentiated cellular profile associated with stem spermatogonia. In hamsters, an immunohistochemical study showed the existence of heterogeneity between these cells, and the surrounding interstitium presents numerous Leydig cells that are ultrastructurally different from those of the rest of the testis rest. In conclusion, we have only just begun to understand the tissue biology of TS. Emerging research is very promising; it can potentially modify our current knowledge of testicular biology and be very useful in promoting the advancement of male fertility restoration therapies in andrology. The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the straight tubule; however, its final portion-the terminal segment (TS)-has a different tissue composition. This paper reviews the most important histological results from mammal studies from the last decades of the 20th century, including the different nomenclatures given to the TS. The TS presents a loss of spermatogenesis and is lined mainly with modified Sertoli cells. There is no unanimity among authors when it comes to naming and defining TS. In the last ten years, studies on rats and mice have highlighted the importance of this testicular zone, proposing that there is a high proliferation of modified Sertoli cells with an undifferentiated cellular profile associated with stem spermatogonia. In hamsters, an immunohistochemical study showed the existence of heterogeneity between these cells, and the surrounding interstitium presents numerous Leydig cells that are ultrastructurally different from those of the rest of the testis rest. In conclusion, we have only just begun to understand the tissue biology of TS. Emerging research is very promising; it can potentially modify our current knowledge of testicular biology and be very useful in promoting the advancement of male fertility restoration therapies in andrology.The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the straight tubule; however, its final portion-the terminal segment (TS)-has a different tissue composition. This paper reviews the most important histological results from mammal studies from the last decades of the 20th century, including the different nomenclatures given to the TS. The TS presents a loss of spermatogenesis and is lined mainly with modified Sertoli cells. There is no unanimity among authors when it comes to naming and defining TS. In the last ten years, studies on rats and mice have highlighted the importance of this testicular zone, proposing that there is a high proliferation of modified Sertoli cells with an undifferentiated cellular profile associated with stem spermatogonia. In hamsters, an immunohistochemical study showed the existence of heterogeneity between these cells, and the surrounding interstitium presents numerous Leydig cells that are ultrastructurally different from those of the rest of the testis rest. In conclusion, we have only just begun to understand the tissue biology of TS. Emerging research is very promising; it can potentially modify our current knowledge of testicular biology and be very useful in promoting the advancement of male fertility restoration therapies in andrology.
Author	Martínez-Hernández, Jesús Madrid, Juan Francisco Pastor, Luis Miguel Seco-Rovira, Vicente Beltrán-Frutos, Ester
AuthorAffiliation	Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; vicente.seco@um.es (V.S.-R.); ebf96527@um.es (E.B.-F.); jesus.martinez7@um.es (J.M.-H.); jfmadrid@um.es (J.F.M.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; vicente.seco@um.es (V.S.-R.); ebf96527@um.es (E.B.-F.); jesus.martinez7@um.es (J.M.-H.); jfmadrid@um.es (J.F.M.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Vicente orcidid: 0000-0003-3566-5152 surname: Seco-Rovira fullname: Seco-Rovira, Vicente – sequence: 2 givenname: Ester orcidid: 0000-0002-2993-7337 surname: Beltrán-Frutos fullname: Beltrán-Frutos, Ester – sequence: 3 givenname: Jesús orcidid: 0000-0003-1344-8333 surname: Martínez-Hernández fullname: Martínez-Hernández, Jesús – sequence: 4 givenname: Juan Francisco orcidid: 0000-0002-4503-1148 surname: Madrid fullname: Madrid, Juan Francisco – sequence: 5 givenname: Luis Miguel orcidid: 0000-0001-6067-2413 surname: Pastor fullname: Pastor, Luis Miguel
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Snippet	The morphophysiology of intratesticular sperm pathways in mammals, including humans, is poorly understood. The seminiferous tubule is continuous with the...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Cell proliferation Communication Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Fertility Functional morphology Humans Immunohistochemistry Leydig cells Leydig Cells - cytology Male Mammals Microscopy proliferation Review seminiferous epithelium Seminiferous tubule Seminiferous Tubules - anatomy & histology Seminiferous Tubules - cytology Seminiferous Tubules - physiology sertoli cell Sertoli cells Sertoli Cells - cytology Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis - physiology Spermatogonia terminal segment Testes Testis
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Title	The Terminal Segment of the Seminiferous Tubule: The Current Discovery of Its Morphofunctional Importance in Mammals
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