Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Does Exercise Load Matter? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE...

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Published in:Dysphagia Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 315 - 324
Main Authors: Van den Steen, Leen, Vanderwegen, Jan, Guns, Cindy, Elen, Rik, De Bodt, Marc, Van Nuffelen, Gwen
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.06.2019
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN:0179-051X, 1432-0460, 1432-0460
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Abstract Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE in healthy older adults. Sixty subjects completed 8 weeks of TSE while exercising with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). They were randomly distributed to 4 different treatment arms: 3 exercise groups (EG1: n  = 15; EG2: n  = 16, EG3: n  = 16) and 1 control group performing lip-strengthening exercises (CG: n  = 13). Values of resistive load for EG1, EG2, and EG3 were 100, 80, and 60% 1RM, respectively. Anterior and posterior maximal isometric pressures (MIP A , MIP P ) were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and 4 weeks post-training. MIP A and MIP P in the EG were significantly higher than in the CG at all time points, except baseline. No significant differences between EG were found, but some trends were observable. Anteriorly, the higher the resistive load, the higher the increase in MIP. Posteriorly, 100% 1RM caused the highest values, followed by 60% and 80% 1RM. No detraining effects were measured. The degree of exercise load had a significant negative effect on the registered success rate. This RCT confirms the efficacy of TSE in healthy older adults. For MIP A and MIP P , TSE at a resistive load of 100% 1RM are the most efficient choice in this population, while lowering the resistive load will lead to an increased success rate. No detraining effects were registered.
AbstractList Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE in healthy older adults. Sixty subjects completed 8 weeks of TSE while exercising with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). They were randomly distributed to 4 different treatment arms: 3 exercise groups (EG1: n = 15; EG2: n = 16, EG3: n = 16) and 1 control group performing lip-strengthening exercises (CG: n = 13). Values of resistive load for EG1, EG2, and EG3 were 100, 80, and 60% 1RM, respectively. Anterior and posterior maximal isometric pressures (MIPA, MIPP) were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and 4 weeks post-training. MIPA and MIPP in the EG were significantly higher than in the CG at all time points, except baseline. No significant differences between EG were found, but some trends were observable. Anteriorly, the higher the resistive load, the higher the increase in MIP. Posteriorly, 100% 1RM caused the highest values, followed by 60% and 80% 1RM. No detraining effects were measured. The degree of exercise load had a significant negative effect on the registered success rate. This RCT confirms the efficacy of TSE in healthy older adults. For MIPA and MIPP, TSE at a resistive load of 100% 1RM are the most efficient choice in this population, while lowering the resistive load will lead to an increased success rate. No detraining effects were registered.Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE in healthy older adults. Sixty subjects completed 8 weeks of TSE while exercising with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). They were randomly distributed to 4 different treatment arms: 3 exercise groups (EG1: n = 15; EG2: n = 16, EG3: n = 16) and 1 control group performing lip-strengthening exercises (CG: n = 13). Values of resistive load for EG1, EG2, and EG3 were 100, 80, and 60% 1RM, respectively. Anterior and posterior maximal isometric pressures (MIPA, MIPP) were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and 4 weeks post-training. MIPA and MIPP in the EG were significantly higher than in the CG at all time points, except baseline. No significant differences between EG were found, but some trends were observable. Anteriorly, the higher the resistive load, the higher the increase in MIP. Posteriorly, 100% 1RM caused the highest values, followed by 60% and 80% 1RM. No detraining effects were measured. The degree of exercise load had a significant negative effect on the registered success rate. This RCT confirms the efficacy of TSE in healthy older adults. For MIPA and MIPP, TSE at a resistive load of 100% 1RM are the most efficient choice in this population, while lowering the resistive load will lead to an increased success rate. No detraining effects were registered.
Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE in healthy older adults. Sixty subjects completed 8 weeks of TSE while exercising with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). They were randomly distributed to 4 different treatment arms: 3 exercise groups (EG1: n = 15; EG2: n = 16, EG3: n = 16) and 1 control group performing lip-strengthening exercises (CG: n = 13). Values of resistive load for EG1, EG2, and EG3 were 100, 80, and 60% 1RM, respectively. Anterior and posterior maximal isometric pressures (MIPA, MIPP) were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and 4 weeks post-training. MIPA and MIPP in the EG were significantly higher than in the CG at all time points, except baseline. No significant differences between EG were found, but some trends were observable. Anteriorly, the higher the resistive load, the higher the increase in MIP. Posteriorly, 100% 1RM caused the highest values, followed by 60% and 80% 1RM. No detraining effects were measured. The degree of exercise load had a significant negative effect on the registered success rate. This RCT confirms the efficacy of TSE in healthy older adults. For MIPA and MIPP, TSE at a resistive load of 100% 1RM are the most efficient choice in this population, while lowering the resistive load will lead to an increased success rate. No detraining effects were registered.
Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE in healthy older adults. Sixty subjects completed 8 weeks of TSE while exercising with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). They were randomly distributed to 4 different treatment arms: 3 exercise groups (EG1: n = 15; EG2: n = 16, EG3: n = 16) and 1 control group performing lip-strengthening exercises (CG: n = 13). Values of resistive load for EG1, EG2, and EG3 were 100, 80, and 60% 1RM, respectively. Anterior and posterior maximal isometric pressures (MIP , MIP ) were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and 4 weeks post-training. MIP and MIP in the EG were significantly higher than in the CG at all time points, except baseline. No significant differences between EG were found, but some trends were observable. Anteriorly, the higher the resistive load, the higher the increase in MIP. Posteriorly, 100% 1RM caused the highest values, followed by 60% and 80% 1RM. No detraining effects were measured. The degree of exercise load had a significant negative effect on the registered success rate. This RCT confirms the efficacy of TSE in healthy older adults. For MIP and MIP , TSE at a resistive load of 100% 1RM are the most efficient choice in this population, while lowering the resistive load will lead to an increased success rate. No detraining effects were registered.
Tongue-strengthening exercises (TSE) are based on the principles of exercise and motor learning, including intensity. Intensity is manipulated by gradually adjusting the resistive load. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigates the effect of three different values resistive load during TSE in healthy older adults. Sixty subjects completed 8 weeks of TSE while exercising with Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). They were randomly distributed to 4 different treatment arms: 3 exercise groups (EG1: n  = 15; EG2: n  = 16, EG3: n  = 16) and 1 control group performing lip-strengthening exercises (CG: n  = 13). Values of resistive load for EG1, EG2, and EG3 were 100, 80, and 60% 1RM, respectively. Anterior and posterior maximal isometric pressures (MIP A , MIP P ) were measured at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of training and 4 weeks post-training. MIP A and MIP P in the EG were significantly higher than in the CG at all time points, except baseline. No significant differences between EG were found, but some trends were observable. Anteriorly, the higher the resistive load, the higher the increase in MIP. Posteriorly, 100% 1RM caused the highest values, followed by 60% and 80% 1RM. No detraining effects were measured. The degree of exercise load had a significant negative effect on the registered success rate. This RCT confirms the efficacy of TSE in healthy older adults. For MIP A and MIP P , TSE at a resistive load of 100% 1RM are the most efficient choice in this population, while lowering the resistive load will lead to an increased success rate. No detraining effects were registered.
Author Vanderwegen, Jan
Van den Steen, Leen
Van Nuffelen, Gwen
Guns, Cindy
Elen, Rik
De Bodt, Marc
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-8158-7629
  surname: Van den Steen
  fullname: Van den Steen, Leen
  email: Leen.Van.den.Steen@uza.be
  organization: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery – Rehabilitation Center for Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jan
  surname: Vanderwegen
  fullname: Vanderwegen, Jan
  organization: Department of Speech, Language and Audiology, University College Thomas More, CHU Saint-Pierre
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  givenname: Cindy
  surname: Guns
  fullname: Guns, Cindy
  organization: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery – Rehabilitation Center for Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital
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  givenname: Rik
  surname: Elen
  fullname: Elen, Rik
  organization: Department of Speech, Language and Audiology, University College Thomas More
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  givenname: Marc
  surname: De Bodt
  fullname: De Bodt, Marc
  organization: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery – Rehabilitation Center for Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
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  givenname: Gwen
  surname: Van Nuffelen
  fullname: Van Nuffelen, Gwen
  organization: Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery – Rehabilitation Center for Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30209561$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Dysphagia is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved.
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Thu Apr 03 06:58:47 EDT 2025
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Tue Nov 18 21:39:54 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:40:18 EST 2025
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Issue 3
Keywords Resistive load
Dysphagia
Tongue-strengthening exercises
Lip-strengthening exercises
Language English
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PublicationDate 2019-06-01
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  day: 01
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PublicationSubtitle Dedicated to advancing the art and science of deglutology
PublicationTitle Dysphagia
PublicationTitleAbbrev Dysphagia
PublicationTitleAlternate Dysphagia
PublicationYear 2019
Publisher Springer US
Springer Nature B.V
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SubjectTerms Aged
Clinical trials
Evidence-based medicine
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Female
Gastroenterology
Healthy Volunteers
Hepatology
Humans
Imaging
Isometric
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Motor skill learning
Muscle Strength - physiology
Older people
Original Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Programmable logic controllers
Radiology
Resistance Training - methods
Tongue
Tongue - physiology
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Title Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Does Exercise Load Matter? A Randomized Controlled Trial
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