A multi-objective and CFD based optimization of roof-flap geometry and position for simultaneous drag and lift reduction

As the transport sector is responsible for the consumption of a vast proportion of the oil produced, it is mandatory to research feasible solutions to tackle this issue. The application of aerodynamic attachments for passive flow control and reducing resisting aerodynamic forces such as drag and lif...

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Published in:Propulsion and Power Research Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 26 - 45
Main Authors: Rostamzadeh-Renani, Mohammad, Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Rostamzadeh-Renani, Reza, Azarkhavarani, Narjes Khabazian, Salahshour, Soheil, Toghraie, Davood
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Beijing Elsevier B.V 01.03.2024
KeAi Publishing Communications Ltd
KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
Subjects:
Accessories
Aerodynamic coefficients
Aerodynamic forces
Air flow
Artificial neural network
Boundary layers
Computational fluid dynamics
Design of experiments
Drag coefficient
Drag coefficients
Drag reduction
Energy consumption
Flow control
Fossil fuels
Genetic algorithm
Genetic algorithms
Geometry
Group method of data handling
Lift coefficient
Mathematical models
Multiple objective analysis
Neural networks
Optimization
Optimization algorithms
Reynolds number
Roof flap
Software
Trailing edges
Transportation industry
Turbines
Two dimensional bodies
Vehicles
Vortices
Roof flap
Artificial neural network
Computational fluid dynamics
Lift coefficient
Genetic algorithm
Drag coefficient
ISSN:2212-540X, 2097-3454, 2212-540X
Online Access:Get full text
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Abstract As the transport sector is responsible for the consumption of a vast proportion of the oil produced, it is mandatory to research feasible solutions to tackle this issue. The application of aerodynamic attachments for passive flow control and reducing resisting aerodynamic forces such as drag and lift is one of the most practicable ways to minimize vehicle energy consumption. The flaps are one of the most innovative aerodynamic attachments that can enhance the flow motion in the boundary layer at the trailing edge of the wings. In the present paper, the flap is designed and modeled for controlling the airflow at the roof-end of a 2D Ahmed body model, inspired by the schematic of the flap at the trailing edge of the wing. As a result, the flap's geometry and position from the roof-end of the car model are parameterized, which leads to having four design variables. The objective functions of the present study are the vehicle's drag coefficient and lift coefficient. 25 Design of Experiment (DOE) points are considered enabling the Box-Behnken method. Then, each DOE point is modeled in the computational domain, and the flow-field around the model is simulated using Ansys Fluent software. The results obtained for the DOE points are employed by different regressors, and the relation between design variables and objective functions is extracted using GMDH-ANN. The GMDH-ANN is then coupled with three types of optimization algorithms, among which the Genetic algorithm proves to have the most ideal coupling process for optimization. Finally, after analyzing the variations in the geometry and position of the roof flap from the car roof-end, the roof-flap with specifications of L = 0.1726 m, α = 5.0875°, H = 0.0188 m, and d = 0.241 m can optimize the car drag and lift coefficients by 21.27% and 19.91%, respectively. The present research discusses the opportunities and challenges of optimal design roof-flap geometry and its influence on car aerodynamic performance.
AbstractList As the transport sector is responsible for the consumption of a vast proportion of the oil produced, it is mandatory to research feasible solutions to tackle this issue. The application of aerodynamic attachments for passive flow control and reducing resisting aerodynamic forces such as drag and lift is one of the most practicable ways to minimize vehicle energy consumption. The flaps are one of the most innovative aerodynamic attachments that can enhance the flow motion in the boundary layer at the trailing edge of the wings. In the present paper, the flap is designed and modeled for controlling the airflow at the roof-;end of a 2D Ahmed body model, inspired by the schematic of the flap at the trailing edge of the wing. As a result, the flap's geometry and position from the roof-;end of the car model are parameterized, which leads to having four design variables. The objective functions of the present study are the vehicle's drag coefficient and lift coefficient. 25 Design of Experiment (DOE) points are considered enabling the Box-;Behnken method. Then, each DOE point is modeled in the computational domain, and the flow-;field around the model is simulated using Ansys Fluent software. The results obtained for the DOE points are employed by different regressors, and the relation between design variables and objective functions is extracted using GMDH-;ANN. The GMDH-;ANN is then coupled with three types of optimization algorithms, among which the Genetic algorithm proves to have the most ideal coupling process for optimization. Finally, after analyzing the variations in the geometry and position of the roof flap from the car roof-;end, the roof-;flap with specifications of L = 0.1726 m, α = 5.0875°, H = 0.0188 m, and d = 0.241 m can optimize the car drag and lift coefficients by 21.27% and 19.91%, respectively. The present research discusses the opportunities and challenges of optimal design roof-;flap geometry and its influence on car aerodynamic performance.
As the transport sector is responsible for the consumption of a vast proportion of the oil produced, it is mandatory to research feasible solutions to tackle this issue. The application of aerodynamic attachments for passive flow control and reducing resisting aerodynamic forces such as drag and lift is one of the most practicable ways to minimize vehicle energy consumption. The flaps are one of the most innovative aerodynamic attachments that can enhance the flow motion in the boundary layer at the trailing edge of the wings. In the present paper, the flap is designed and modeled for controlling the airflow at the roof-end of a 2D Ahmed body model, inspired by the schematic of the flap at the trailing edge of the wing. As a result, the flap's geometry and position from the roof-end of the car model are parameterized, which leads to having four design variables. The objective functions of the present study are the vehicle's drag coefficient and lift coefficient. 25 Design of Experiment (DOE) points are considered enabling the Box-Behnken method. Then, each DOE point is modeled in the computational domain, and the flow-field around the model is simulated using Ansys Fluent software. The results obtained for the DOE points are employed by different regressors, and the relation between design variables and objective functions is extracted using GMDH-ANN. The GMDH-ANN is then coupled with three types of optimization algorithms, among which the Genetic algorithm proves to have the most ideal coupling process for optimization. Finally, after analyzing the variations in the geometry and position of the roof flap from the car roof-end, the roof-flap with specifications of L = 0.1726 m, α = 5.0875°, H = 0.0188 m, and d = 0.241 m can optimize the car drag and lift coefficients by 21.27% and 19.91%, respectively. The present research discusses the opportunities and challenges of optimal design roof-flap geometry and its influence on car aerodynamic performance.
Author Rostamzadeh-Renani, Mohammad
Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza
Salahshour, Soheil
Rostamzadeh-Renani, Reza
Sajadi, S. Mohammad
Toghraie, Davood
Azarkhavarani, Narjes Khabazian
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Mohammad
  surname: Rostamzadeh-Renani
  fullname: Rostamzadeh-Renani, Mohammad
  organization: Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, Milan 20156, Italy
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  givenname: Mohammadreza
  surname: Baghoolizadeh
  fullname: Baghoolizadeh, Mohammadreza
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 88186-34141, Iran
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  givenname: S. Mohammad
  surname: Sajadi
  fullname: Sajadi, S. Mohammad
  organization: Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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  givenname: Reza
  surname: Rostamzadeh-Renani
  fullname: Rostamzadeh-Renani, Reza
  organization: Energy Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, Milan 20156, Italy
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  givenname: Narjes Khabazian
  surname: Azarkhavarani
  fullname: Azarkhavarani, Narjes Khabazian
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jami Institute of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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  givenname: Soheil
  surname: Salahshour
  fullname: Salahshour, Soheil
  organization: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Davood
  surname: Toghraie
  fullname: Toghraie, Davood
  email: Toghraee@iaukhsh.ac.ir
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
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Keywords Roof flap
Artificial neural network
Computational fluid dynamics
Lift coefficient
Genetic algorithm
Drag coefficient
Language English
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Snippet As the transport sector is responsible for the consumption of a vast proportion of the oil produced, it is mandatory to research feasible solutions to tackle...
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SubjectTerms Accessories
Aerodynamic coefficients
Aerodynamic forces
Air flow
Artificial neural network
Boundary layers
Computational fluid dynamics
Design of experiments
Drag coefficient
Drag coefficients
Drag reduction
Energy consumption
Flow control
Fossil fuels
Genetic algorithm
Genetic algorithms
Geometry
Group method of data handling
Lift coefficient
Mathematical models
Multiple objective analysis
Neural networks
Optimization
Optimization algorithms
Reynolds number
Roof flap
Software
Trailing edges
Transportation industry
Turbines
Two dimensional bodies
Vehicles
Vortices
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Title A multi-objective and CFD based optimization of roof-flap geometry and position for simultaneous drag and lift reduction
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