The carbon footprints of home and in-center peritoneal dialysis in China

Objective The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with the different modalities and treatment regimes. Methods A total of 68 subjects performed with PD treatment were...

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Published in:	International urology and nephrology Vol. 49; no. 2; pp. 337 - 343
Main Authors:	Chen, Mindong, Zhou, Rong, Du, Chongbo, Meng, Fulei, Wang, Yanli, Wu, Liping, Wang, Fang, Xu, Yahong, Yang, Xiufen
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.02.2017 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Air Pollutants - analysis Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Footprint China Female Health Facility Environment - standards Home Care Services, Hospital-Based - organization & administration Home Care Services, Hospital-Based - standards Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Needs Assessment Nephrology Nephrology - Original Paper Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory - adverse effects Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory - instrumentation Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory - methods Quality Improvement Urology Carbon footprints Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Peritoneal dialysis
ISSN:	0301-1623, 1573-2584
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Abstract	Objective The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with the different modalities and treatment regimes. Methods A total of 68 subjects performed with PD treatment were enrolled in this study. Emissions factors were applied to data that were collected for energy consumption, travel, and procurement. Results The carbon footprints generated by the provision of PD treatment for the individual patient were calculated and normalized to a 2-l PD dialysate volume. The fixed emissions were higher in patients who received PD therapy in center than at home, mostly attributing to the consumption of electricity. Conversely, PD treatment performed in center yielded less variable emissions than that of at home, which resulted from reduced constituent percentage of waste disposal and transportation. Collectively, packaging consumption mostly contributed to the total carbon footprints of PD. Conclusion This study for the first time demonstrates the delivery of PD is associated with considerable GHG emissions, which is mainly attributed to packaging materials, transportation, electricity, and waste disposal. These results suggest that carbon reduction strategies focusing on packaging consumption in PD treatment are likely to yield the greatest benefits.
AbstractList	Objective The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with the different modalities and treatment regimes. Methods A total of 68 subjects performed with PD treatment were enrolled in this study. Emissions factors were applied to data that were collected for energy consumption, travel, and procurement. Results The carbon footprints generated by the provision of PD treatment for the individual patient were calculated and normalized to a 2-l PD dialysate volume. The fixed emissions were higher in patients who received PD therapy in center than at home, mostly attributing to the consumption of electricity. Conversely, PD treatment performed in center yielded less variable emissions than that of at home, which resulted from reduced constituent percentage of waste disposal and transportation. Collectively, packaging consumption mostly contributed to the total carbon footprints of PD. Conclusion This study for the first time demonstrates the delivery of PD is associated with considerable GHG emissions, which is mainly attributed to packaging materials, transportation, electricity, and waste disposal. These results suggest that carbon reduction strategies focusing on packaging consumption in PD treatment are likely to yield the greatest benefits. The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with the different modalities and treatment regimes. A total of 68 subjects performed with PD treatment were enrolled in this study. Emissions factors were applied to data that were collected for energy consumption, travel, and procurement. The carbon footprints generated by the provision of PD treatment for the individual patient were calculated and normalized to a 2-l PD dialysate volume. The fixed emissions were higher in patients who received PD therapy in center than at home, mostly attributing to the consumption of electricity. Conversely, PD treatment performed in center yielded less variable emissions than that of at home, which resulted from reduced constituent percentage of waste disposal and transportation. Collectively, packaging consumption mostly contributed to the total carbon footprints of PD. This study for the first time demonstrates the delivery of PD is associated with considerable GHG emissions, which is mainly attributed to packaging materials, transportation, electricity, and waste disposal. These results suggest that carbon reduction strategies focusing on packaging consumption in PD treatment are likely to yield the greatest benefits. Objective The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with the different modalities and treatment regimes. Methods A total of 68 subjects performed with PD treatment were enrolled in this study. Emissions factors were applied to data that were collected for energy consumption, travel, and procurement. Results The carbon footprints generated by the provision of PD treatment for the individual patient were calculated and normalized to a 2-l PD dialysate volume. The fixed emissions were higher in patients who received PD therapy in center than at home, mostly attributing to the consumption of electricity. Conversely, PD treatment performed in center yielded less variable emissions than that of at home, which resulted from reduced constituent percentage of waste disposal and transportation. Collectively, packaging consumption mostly contributed to the total carbon footprints of PD. Conclusion This study for the first time demonstrates the delivery of PD is associated with considerable GHG emissions, which is mainly attributed to packaging materials, transportation, electricity, and waste disposal. These results suggest that carbon reduction strategies focusing on packaging consumption in PD treatment are likely to yield the greatest benefits. OBJECTIVEThe provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with the different modalities and treatment regimes.METHODSA total of 68 subjects performed with PD treatment were enrolled in this study. Emissions factors were applied to data that were collected for energy consumption, travel, and procurement.RESULTSThe carbon footprints generated by the provision of PD treatment for the individual patient were calculated and normalized to a 2-l PD dialysate volume. The fixed emissions were higher in patients who received PD therapy in center than at home, mostly attributing to the consumption of electricity. Conversely, PD treatment performed in center yielded less variable emissions than that of at home, which resulted from reduced constituent percentage of waste disposal and transportation. Collectively, packaging consumption mostly contributed to the total carbon footprints of PD.CONCLUSIONThis study for the first time demonstrates the delivery of PD is associated with considerable GHG emissions, which is mainly attributed to packaging materials, transportation, electricity, and waste disposal. These results suggest that carbon reduction strategies focusing on packaging consumption in PD treatment are likely to yield the greatest benefits.
Author	Wang, Yanli Wu, Liping Chen, Mindong Yang, Xiufen Zhou, Rong Du, Chongbo Wang, Fang Meng, Fulei Xu, Yahong
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mindong surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Mindong organization: Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University – sequence: 2 givenname: Rong surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Rong organization: Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University – sequence: 3 givenname: Chongbo surname: Du fullname: Du, Chongbo organization: Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University – sequence: 4 givenname: Fulei surname: Meng fullname: Meng, Fulei organization: Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University – sequence: 5 givenname: Yanli surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yanli organization: Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University – sequence: 6 givenname: Liping surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Liping organization: Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University – sequence: 7 givenname: Fang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Fang organization: Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University – sequence: 8 givenname: Yahong surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yahong organization: Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University – sequence: 9 givenname: Xiufen surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Xiufen email: yangxiufen516@sina.com organization: Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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Snippet	Objective The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of... The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of peritoneal... Objective The provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of... OBJECTIVEThe provision of healthcare itself is associated with abundant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to determine the carbon footprints of...
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SubjectTerms	Air Pollutants - analysis Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Footprint China Female Health Facility Environment - standards Home Care Services, Hospital-Based - organization & administration Home Care Services, Hospital-Based - standards Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Needs Assessment Nephrology Nephrology - Original Paper Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory - adverse effects Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory - instrumentation Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory - methods Quality Improvement Urology
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Title	The carbon footprints of home and in-center peritoneal dialysis in China
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