Forest disturbance interactions and successional pathways in the Southern Rocky Mountains
•A decade of forest disturbance and recovery history in the South Rockies.•MPB contributed most to the forest loss but recovered at the slowest rate.•The linkage of fire-beetle interactions depends on their occurrence sequence.•The compound effect of multi-disturbances on the forest resilience is pr...
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| Vydáno v: | Forest ecology and management Ročník 375; s. 35 - 45 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Elsevier B.V
01.09.2016
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| ISSN: | 0378-1127, 1872-7042 |
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| Abstract | •A decade of forest disturbance and recovery history in the South Rockies.•MPB contributed most to the forest loss but recovered at the slowest rate.•The linkage of fire-beetle interactions depends on their occurrence sequence.•The compound effect of multi-disturbances on the forest resilience is prominent.
The pine forests in the southern portion of the Rocky Mountains are a heterogeneous mosaic of disturbance and recovery. The most extensive and intensive stress and mortality are received from human activity, fire, and mountain pine beetles (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae). Understanding disturbance interactions and disturbance-succession pathways are crucial for adapting management strategies to mitigate their impacts and anticipate future ecosystem change. Driven by this goal, we assessed the forest disturbance and recovery history in the Southern Rocky Mountains Ecoregion using a 13-year time series of Landsat image stacks. An automated classification workflow that integrates temporal segmentation techniques and a random forest classifier was used to examine disturbance patterns. To enhance efficiency in selecting representative samples at the ecoregion scale, a new sampling strategy that takes advantage of the scene-overlap among adjacent Landsat images was designed. The segment-based assessment revealed that the overall accuracy for all 14 scenes varied from 73.6% to 92.5%, with a mean of 83.1%. A design-based inference indicated the average producer’s and user’s accuracies for MPB mortality were 85.4% and 82.5% respectively. We found that burn severity was largely unrelated to the severity of pre-fire beetle outbreaks in this region, where the severity of post-fire beetle outbreaks generally decreased in relation to burn severity. Approximately half the clear-cut and burned areas were in various stages of recovery, but the regeneration rate was much slower for MPB-disturbed sites. Pre-fire beetle outbreaks and subsequent fire produced positive compound effects on seedling reestablishment in this ecoregion. Taken together, these results emphasize that although multiple disturbances do play a role in the resilience mechanism of the serotinous lodgepole pine, the overall recovery could be slow due to the vast area of beetle mortality. |
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| AbstractList | The pine forests in the southern portion of the Rocky Mountains are a heterogeneous mosaic of disturbance and recovery. The most extensive and intensive stress and mortality are received from human activity, fire, and mountain pine beetles (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae). Understanding disturbance interactions and disturbance-succession pathways are crucial for adapting management strategies to mitigate their impacts and anticipate future ecosystem change. Driven by this goal, we assessed the forest disturbance and recovery history in the Southern Rocky Mountains Ecoregion using a 13-year time series of Landsat image stacks. An automated classification workflow that integrates temporal segmentation techniques and a random forest classifier was used to examine disturbance patterns. To enhance efficiency in selecting representative samples at the ecoregion scale, a new sampling strategy that takes advantage of the scene-overlap among adjacent Landsat images was designed. The segment-based assessment revealed that the overall accuracy for all 14 scenes varied from 73.6% to 92.5%, with a mean of 83.1%. A design-based inference indicated the average producer’s and user’s accuracies for MPB mortality were 85.4% and 82.5% respectively. We found that burn severity was largely unrelated to the severity of pre-fire beetle outbreaks in this region, where the severity of post-fire beetle outbreaks generally decreased in relation to burn severity. Approximately half the clear-cut and burned areas were in various stages of recovery, but the regeneration rate was much slower for MPB-disturbed sites. Pre-fire beetle outbreaks and subsequent fire produced positive compound effects on seedling reestablishment in this ecoregion. Taken together, these results emphasize that although multiple disturbances do play a role in the resilience mechanism of the serotinous lodgepole pine, the overall recovery could be slow due to the vast area of beetle mortality. •A decade of forest disturbance and recovery history in the South Rockies.•MPB contributed most to the forest loss but recovered at the slowest rate.•The linkage of fire-beetle interactions depends on their occurrence sequence.•The compound effect of multi-disturbances on the forest resilience is prominent. The pine forests in the southern portion of the Rocky Mountains are a heterogeneous mosaic of disturbance and recovery. The most extensive and intensive stress and mortality are received from human activity, fire, and mountain pine beetles (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae). Understanding disturbance interactions and disturbance-succession pathways are crucial for adapting management strategies to mitigate their impacts and anticipate future ecosystem change. Driven by this goal, we assessed the forest disturbance and recovery history in the Southern Rocky Mountains Ecoregion using a 13-year time series of Landsat image stacks. An automated classification workflow that integrates temporal segmentation techniques and a random forest classifier was used to examine disturbance patterns. To enhance efficiency in selecting representative samples at the ecoregion scale, a new sampling strategy that takes advantage of the scene-overlap among adjacent Landsat images was designed. The segment-based assessment revealed that the overall accuracy for all 14 scenes varied from 73.6% to 92.5%, with a mean of 83.1%. A design-based inference indicated the average producer’s and user’s accuracies for MPB mortality were 85.4% and 82.5% respectively. We found that burn severity was largely unrelated to the severity of pre-fire beetle outbreaks in this region, where the severity of post-fire beetle outbreaks generally decreased in relation to burn severity. Approximately half the clear-cut and burned areas were in various stages of recovery, but the regeneration rate was much slower for MPB-disturbed sites. Pre-fire beetle outbreaks and subsequent fire produced positive compound effects on seedling reestablishment in this ecoregion. Taken together, these results emphasize that although multiple disturbances do play a role in the resilience mechanism of the serotinous lodgepole pine, the overall recovery could be slow due to the vast area of beetle mortality. |
| Author | Hawbaker, Todd J. Gong, Peng Zhu, Zhiliang Li, Xuecao Liang, Lu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Lu surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Lu email: liang@uamont.edu organization: Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Todd J. surname: Hawbaker fullname: Hawbaker, Todd J. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PO Box 25046; DFC; MS 980, Denver, CO 80225, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhiliang surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Zhiliang organization: U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Xuecao surname: Li fullname: Li, Xuecao organization: Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Peng surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Peng organization: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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| SubjectTerms | burning coniferous forests Dendroctonus ponderosae Disturbance ecoregions ecosystems Fire humans Landsat mortality Mountain pine beetle Pinus contorta var. latifolia Recovery Rocky Mountain region seedlings Time series time series analysis |
| Title | Forest disturbance interactions and successional pathways in the Southern Rocky Mountains |
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