Modeling radiation belt electron dynamics during GEM challenge intervals with the DREAM3D diffusion model

As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) “Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge,” a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics during two intervals of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, 15 August to 15 October 199...

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Vydané v:	Journal of geophysical research. Space physics Ročník 118; číslo 10; s. 6197 - 6211
Hlavní autori:	Tu, Weichao, Cunningham, G. S., Chen, Y., Henderson, M. G., Camporeale, E., Reeves, G. D.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Hoboken, NJ Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2013 Wiley
Predmet:	3D diffusion model Astronomy Boundary conditions Diffusion Diffusion coefficient DREAM3D Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics GEM challenge Interplanetary space Kinetics Physics of the ionosphere Physics of the magnetosphere Radiation Radiation belt electrons Solar system Particle motion Radiation belt Pitch angle CRRES satellite Plasmasphere Electron loss Phase space density Modeling Statistical data dynamics three-dimensional models Radial diffusion electron density Diffusion coefficient Diffusion boundary conditions performances
ISSN:	2169-9380, 2169-9402
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Abstract	As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) “Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge,” a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics during two intervals of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, 15 August to 15 October 1990 and 1 February to 31 July 1991. The 3D diffusion model, developed as part of the Dynamic Radiation Environment Assimilation Model (DREAM) project, includes radial, pitch angle, and momentum diffusion and mixed pitch angle‐momentum diffusion, which are driven by dynamic wave databases from the statistical CRRES wave data, including plasmaspheric hiss, lower‐band, and upper‐band chorus. By comparing the DREAM3D model outputs to the CRRES electron phase space density (PSD) data, we find that, with a data‐driven boundary condition at Lmax = 5.5, the electron enhancements can generally be explained by radial diffusion, though additional local heating from chorus waves is required. Because the PSD reductions are included in the boundary condition at Lmax = 5.5, our model captures the fast electron dropouts over a large L range, producing better model performance compared to previous published results. Plasmaspheric hiss produces electron losses inside the plasmasphere, but the model still sometimes overestimates the PSD there. Test simulations using reduced radial diffusion coefficients or increased pitch angle diffusion coefficients inside the plasmasphere suggest that better wave models and more realistic radial diffusion coefficients, both inside and outside the plasmasphere, are needed to improve the model performance. Statistically, the results show that, with the data‐driven outer boundary condition, including radial diffusion and plasmaspheric hiss is sufficient to model the electrons during geomagnetically quiet times, but to best capture the radiation belt variations during active times, pitch angle and momentum diffusion from chorus waves are required. Key Points The model captures both electron enhancements and fast dropouts. RD+hiss is sufficient for quiet times; chorus is required for active times. Sensitivity studies prove the importance of realistic DLL and wave models.
AbstractList	As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) "Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge," a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics during two intervals of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, 15 August to 15 October 1990 and 1 February to 31 July 1991. The 3D diffusion model, developed as part of the Dynamic Radiation Environment Assimilation Model (DREAM) project, includes radial, pitch angle, and momentum diffusion and mixed pitch angle-momentum diffusion, which are driven by dynamic wave databases from the statistical CRRES wave data, including plasmaspheric hiss, lower-band, and upper-band chorus. By comparing the DREAM3D model outputs to the CRRES electron phase space density (PSD) data, we find that, with a data-driven boundary condition at Lmax=5.5, the electron enhancements can generally be explained by radial diffusion, though additional local heating from chorus waves is required. Because the PSD reductions are included in the boundary condition at Lmax=5.5, our model captures the fast electron dropouts over a large L range, producing better model performance compared to previous published results. Plasmaspheric hiss produces electron losses inside the plasmasphere, but the model still sometimes overestimates the PSD there. Test simulations using reduced radial diffusion coefficients or increased pitch angle diffusion coefficients inside the plasmasphere suggest that better wave models and more realistic radial diffusion coefficients, both inside and outside the plasmasphere, are needed to improve the model performance. Statistically, the results show that, with the data-driven outer boundary condition, including radial diffusion and plasmaspheric hiss is sufficient to model the electrons during geomagnetically quiet times, but to best capture the radiation belt variations during active times, pitch angle and momentum diffusion from chorus waves are required. Key Points The model captures both electron enhancements and fast dropouts. RD+hiss is sufficient for quiet times; chorus is required for active times. Sensitivity studies prove the importance of realistic DLL and wave models. As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) “Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge,” a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics during two intervals of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, 15 August to 15 October 1990 and 1 February to 31 July 1991. The 3D diffusion model, developed as part of the Dynamic Radiation Environment Assimilation Model (DREAM) project, includes radial, pitch angle, and momentum diffusion and mixed pitch angle‐momentum diffusion, which are driven by dynamic wave databases from the statistical CRRES wave data, including plasmaspheric hiss, lower‐band, and upper‐band chorus. By comparing the DREAM3D model outputs to the CRRES electron phase space density (PSD) data, we find that, with a data‐driven boundary condition at Lmax = 5.5, the electron enhancements can generally be explained by radial diffusion, though additional local heating from chorus waves is required. Because the PSD reductions are included in the boundary condition at Lmax = 5.5, our model captures the fast electron dropouts over a large L range, producing better model performance compared to previous published results. Plasmaspheric hiss produces electron losses inside the plasmasphere, but the model still sometimes overestimates the PSD there. Test simulations using reduced radial diffusion coefficients or increased pitch angle diffusion coefficients inside the plasmasphere suggest that better wave models and more realistic radial diffusion coefficients, both inside and outside the plasmasphere, are needed to improve the model performance. Statistically, the results show that, with the data‐driven outer boundary condition, including radial diffusion and plasmaspheric hiss is sufficient to model the electrons during geomagnetically quiet times, but to best capture the radiation belt variations during active times, pitch angle and momentum diffusion from chorus waves are required. Key Points The model captures both electron enhancements and fast dropouts. RD+hiss is sufficient for quiet times; chorus is required for active times. Sensitivity studies prove the importance of realistic DLL and wave models. As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) “Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge,” a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics during two intervals of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, 15 August to 15 October 1990 and 1 February to 31 July 1991. The 3D diffusion model, developed as part of the Dynamic Radiation Environment Assimilation Model (DREAM) project, includes radial, pitch angle, and momentum diffusion and mixed pitch angle‐momentum diffusion, which are driven by dynamic wave databases from the statistical CRRES wave data, including plasmaspheric hiss, lower‐band, and upper‐band chorus. By comparing the DREAM3D model outputs to the CRRES electron phase space density (PSD) data, we find that, with a data‐driven boundary condition at L max = 5.5, the electron enhancements can generally be explained by radial diffusion, though additional local heating from chorus waves is required. Because the PSD reductions are included in the boundary condition at L max = 5.5, our model captures the fast electron dropouts over a large L range, producing better model performance compared to previous published results. Plasmaspheric hiss produces electron losses inside the plasmasphere, but the model still sometimes overestimates the PSD there. Test simulations using reduced radial diffusion coefficients or increased pitch angle diffusion coefficients inside the plasmasphere suggest that better wave models and more realistic radial diffusion coefficients, both inside and outside the plasmasphere, are needed to improve the model performance. Statistically, the results show that, with the data‐driven outer boundary condition, including radial diffusion and plasmaspheric hiss is sufficient to model the electrons during geomagnetically quiet times, but to best capture the radiation belt variations during active times, pitch angle and momentum diffusion from chorus waves are required. The model captures both electron enhancements and fast dropouts. RD+hiss is sufficient for quiet times; chorus is required for active times. Sensitivity studies prove the importance of realistic DLL and wave models. As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) "Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge," a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation belt electron dynamics during two intervals of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission, 15 August to 15 October 1990 and 1 February to 31 July 1991. The 3D diffusion model, developed as part of the Dynamic Radiation Environment Assimilation Model (DREAM) project, includes radial, pitch angle, and momentum diffusion and mixed pitch angle-momentum diffusion, which are driven by dynamic wave databases from the statistical CRRES wave data, including plasmaspheric hiss, lower-band, and upper-band chorus. By comparing the DREAM3D model outputs to the CRRES electron phase space density (PSD) data, we find that, with a data-driven boundary condition at L sub(max)=5.5, the electron enhancements can generally be explained by radial diffusion, though additional local heating from chorus waves is required. Because the PSD reductions are included in the boundary condition at L sub(max)=5.5, our model captures the fast electron dropouts over a large L range, producing better model performance compared to previous published results. Plasmaspheric hiss produces electron losses inside the plasmasphere, but the model still sometimes overestimates the PSD there. Test simulations using reduced radial diffusion coefficients or increased pitch angle diffusion coefficients inside the plasmasphere suggest that better wave models and more realistic radial diffusion coefficients, both inside and outside the plasmasphere, are needed to improve the model performance. Statistically, the results show that, with the data-driven outer boundary condition, including radial diffusion and plasmaspheric hiss is sufficient to model the electrons during geomagnetically quiet times, but to best capture the radiation belt variations during active times, pitch angle and momentum diffusion from chorus waves are required. Key Points * The model captures both electron enhancements and fast dropouts. * RD+hiss is sufficient for quiet times; chorus is required for active times. * Sensitivity studies prove the importance of realistic DLL and wave models.
Author	Camporeale, E. Tu, Weichao Reeves, G. D. Henderson, M. G. Cunningham, G. S. Chen, Y.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Weichao surname: Tu fullname: Tu, Weichao email: wtu@lanl.gov organization: Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: G. S. surname: Cunningham fullname: Cunningham, G. S. organization: Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Y. surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Y. organization: Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: M. G. surname: Henderson fullname: Henderson, M. G. organization: Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: E. surname: Camporeale fullname: Camporeale, E. organization: Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: G. D. surname: Reeves fullname: Reeves, G. D. organization: Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA
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Keywords	Particle motion Radiation belt Pitch angle CRRES satellite Plasmasphere Electron loss Phase space density Modeling Statistical data dynamics three-dimensional models Radial diffusion electron density Diffusion coefficient Diffusion boundary conditions performances
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Snippet	As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) “Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge,” a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation... As a response to the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) "Global Radiation Belt Modeling Challenge," a 3D diffusion model is used to simulate the radiation...
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SubjectTerms	3D diffusion model Astronomy Boundary conditions Diffusion Diffusion coefficient DREAM3D Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics GEM challenge Interplanetary space Kinetics Physics of the ionosphere Physics of the magnetosphere Radiation Radiation belt electrons Solar system
Title	Modeling radiation belt electron dynamics during GEM challenge intervals with the DREAM3D diffusion model
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