Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity

•Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces inflammation and increases resilience to oxidative and physiological stress.•Exercise promotes self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy.•Un...

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Published in:Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews Vol. 107; pp. 525 - 539
Main Authors: Kandola, Aaron, Ashdown-Franks, Garcia, Hendrikse, Joshua, Sabiston, Catherine M., Stubbs, Brendon
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2019
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ISSN:0149-7634, 1873-7528, 1873-7528
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Abstract •Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces inflammation and increases resilience to oxidative and physiological stress.•Exercise promotes self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy.•Understanding these mechanisms can improve the design of exercise interventions and maximise treatment response. Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
AbstractList Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
•Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces inflammation and increases resilience to oxidative and physiological stress.•Exercise promotes self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy.•Understanding these mechanisms can improve the design of exercise interventions and maximise treatment response. Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
Author Stubbs, Brendon
Ashdown-Franks, Garcia
Hendrikse, Joshua
Sabiston, Catherine M.
Kandola, Aaron
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Aaron
  surname: Kandola
  fullname: Kandola, Aaron
  email: a.kandola.18@ucl.ac.uk
  organization: Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Garcia
  surname: Ashdown-Franks
  fullname: Ashdown-Franks, Garcia
  organization: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Joshua
  surname: Hendrikse
  fullname: Hendrikse, Joshua
  organization: Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Catherine M.
  surname: Sabiston
  fullname: Sabiston, Catherine M.
  organization: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Canada
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Brendon
  surname: Stubbs
  fullname: Stubbs, Brendon
  organization: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31586447$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Oxidative stress
BDNF
Mental health
Depression
Inflammation
Stress
Exercise
Self-efficacy
HPA
Self-esteem
Non-pharmacological
Hippocampus
Social support
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Snippet •Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces...
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively...
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SubjectTerms Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use
BDNF
Depression
Depression - drug therapy
Depression - psychology
Depressive Disorder - drug therapy
Depressive Disorder - psychology
Exercise
Exercise - psychology
Hippocampus
HPA
Humans
Inflammation
Mental health
Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neuroplasticity
Non-pharmacological
Oxidative stress
Self-efficacy
Self-esteem
Social Support
Stress
Title Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31586447
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2301449298
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