Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity
•Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces inflammation and increases resilience to oxidative and physiological stress.•Exercise promotes self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy.•Un...
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| Published in: | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews Vol. 107; pp. 525 - 539 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2019
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0149-7634, 1873-7528, 1873-7528 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces inflammation and increases resilience to oxidative and physiological stress.•Exercise promotes self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy.•Understanding these mechanisms can improve the design of exercise interventions and maximise treatment response.
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise.
Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it. |
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| AbstractList | Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it. Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it. •Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces inflammation and increases resilience to oxidative and physiological stress.•Exercise promotes self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy.•Understanding these mechanisms can improve the design of exercise interventions and maximise treatment response. Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it. |
| Author | Stubbs, Brendon Ashdown-Franks, Garcia Hendrikse, Joshua Sabiston, Catherine M. Kandola, Aaron |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aaron surname: Kandola fullname: Kandola, Aaron email: a.kandola.18@ucl.ac.uk organization: Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Garcia surname: Ashdown-Franks fullname: Ashdown-Franks, Garcia organization: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Joshua surname: Hendrikse fullname: Hendrikse, Joshua organization: Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Catherine M. surname: Sabiston fullname: Sabiston, Catherine M. organization: Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Brendon surname: Stubbs fullname: Stubbs, Brendon organization: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31586447$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | •Engaging in physical activity can reduce depressive symptoms.•Exercise stimulates several neuroplastic processes implicated in depression.•It also reduces... Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively... |
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| SubjectTerms | Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use BDNF Depression Depression - drug therapy Depression - psychology Depressive Disorder - drug therapy Depressive Disorder - psychology Exercise Exercise - psychology Hippocampus HPA Humans Inflammation Mental health Neuronal Plasticity - drug effects Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Neuroplasticity Non-pharmacological Oxidative stress Self-efficacy Self-esteem Social Support Stress |
| Title | Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity |
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