A silver lining of neuroinflammation: Beneficial effects on myelination

Myelin accelerates action potential conduction velocity and provides essential energy support for axons. Unfortunately, myelin and myelinating cells are often vulnerable to injury or disease, resulting in myelin damage, which in turn can lead to axon dysfunction, overt pathology and neurological imp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental neurology Vol. 283; no. Pt B; pp. 550 - 559
Main Authors: Goldstein, Evan Z., Church, Jamie S., Hesp, Zoe C., Popovich, Phillip G., McTigue, Dana M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2016
Subjects:
Animals
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Growth factors
Humans
Inflammation - etiology
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism
Iron
Macrophages
Microglia
Myelin Sheath - pathology
Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendroglia - pathology
Peripheral nerve
Progenitor
Schwann cells
Spinal cord injury
Synaptic Transmission
Trauma, Nervous System - complications
Trauma, Nervous System - metabolism
Trauma, Nervous System - pathology
Peripheral nerve
Oligodendrocyte
Cytokines
Schwann cells
Iron
Progenitor
Macrophages
Spinal cord injury
Growth factors
Microglia
ISSN:0014-4886, 1090-2430, 1090-2430
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Myelin accelerates action potential conduction velocity and provides essential energy support for axons. Unfortunately, myelin and myelinating cells are often vulnerable to injury or disease, resulting in myelin damage, which in turn can lead to axon dysfunction, overt pathology and neurological impairment. Inflammation is a common component of trauma and disease in both the CNS and PNS and therefore an active inflammatory response is often considered deleterious to myelin health. While inflammation can certainly damage myelin, inflammatory processes also can positively affect oligodendrocyte lineage progression, myelin debris clearance, oligodendrocyte metabolism and myelin repair. In the periphery, inflammatory cascades can also augment myelin repair, including processes initiated by infiltrating immune cells as well as by local Schwann cells. In this review, various aspects of inflammation beneficial to myelin repair are discussed and should be considered when designing or implementing anti-inflammatory therapies for CNS and PNS injury involving myelinating cells.
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ISSN:0014-4886
1090-2430
1090-2430
DOI:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.001