Unrecorded Tundra Fires of the Arctic Slope, Alaska USA

Few fires are known to have burned the tundra of the Arctic Slope north of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. A total of 90 fires between 1969 and 2022 are known. Because fire has been rare, old burns can be detected by the traces of thermokarst and distinct vegetation they leave in otherwise uniform...

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Vydané v:	Fire (Basel, Switzerland) Ročník 6; číslo 3; s. 101
Hlavní autori:	Miller, Eric A., Jones, Benjamin M., Baughman, Carson A., Jandt, Randi R., Jenkins, Jennifer L., Yokel, David A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2023
Predmet:	Aerial photography aircraft Aircraft pilots Alaska Archives & records Arctic region Burns Coastal plains ecoregions Environmental aspects Eriophorum vaginatum fire frequency fire regime Fires Foothills Forest & brush fires Landsat Landsat satellites Pilots Polar environments Prehistoric era Remote sensing Seasons Surveillance Taiga & tundra thermokarst Tundra tussock Vegetation wildfire Wildfires United States Alaska Brooks Range United States > US Arctic region
ISSN:	2571-6255, 2571-6255
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Abstract	Few fires are known to have burned the tundra of the Arctic Slope north of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. A total of 90 fires between 1969 and 2022 are known. Because fire has been rare, old burns can be detected by the traces of thermokarst and distinct vegetation they leave in otherwise uniform tundra, which are visible in aerial photograph archives. Several prehistoric tundra burns have been found in this way. Detection of tundra fires in this sparsely populated and remote area has been historically inconsistent and opportunistic, relying on reports by aircraft pilots. Fire reports have been logged into an administrative database which, out of necessity, has been used to scientifically evaluate changes in the fire regime. To improve the consistency of the record, we completed a systematic search of Landsat Collection 2 for the Brooks Range Foothills ecoregion over the period 1972–2022. We found 57 unrecorded tundra burns, about 41% of the total, which now numbers 138. Only 15% and 33% of all fires appear in MODIS and VIIRS satellite-borne thermal anomaly products, respectively. The fire frequency in the first 37 years of the record is 0.89 y−1 for natural ignitions that spread ≥10 ha. Frequency in the last 13 years is 2.5 y−1, indicating a nearly three-fold increase in fire frequency.
AbstractList	Few fires are known to have burned the tundra of the Arctic Slope north of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. A total of 90 fires between 1969 and 2022 are known. Because fire has been rare, old burns can be detected by the traces of thermokarst and distinct vegetation they leave in otherwise uniform tundra, which are visible in aerial photograph archives. Several prehistoric tundra burns have been found in this way. Detection of tundra fires in this sparsely populated and remote area has been historically inconsistent and opportunistic, relying on reports by aircraft pilots. Fire reports have been logged into an administrative database which, out of necessity, has been used to scientifically evaluate changes in the fire regime. To improve the consistency of the record, we completed a systematic search of Landsat Collection 2 for the Brooks Range Foothills ecoregion over the period 1972–2022. We found 57 unrecorded tundra burns, about 41% of the total, which now numbers 138. Only 15% and 33% of all fires appear in MODIS and VIIRS satellite-borne thermal anomaly products, respectively. The fire frequency in the first 37 years of the record is 0.89 y−1 for natural ignitions that spread ≥10 ha. Frequency in the last 13 years is 2.5 y−1, indicating a nearly three-fold increase in fire frequency. Few fires are known to have burned the tundra of the Arctic Slope north of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. A total of 90 fires between 1969 and 2022 are known. Because fire has been rare, old burns can be detected by the traces of thermokarst and distinct vegetation they leave in otherwise uniform tundra, which are visible in aerial photograph archives. Several prehistoric tundra burns have been found in this way. Detection of tundra fires in this sparsely populated and remote area has been historically inconsistent and opportunistic, relying on reports by aircraft pilots. Fire reports have been logged into an administrative database which, out of necessity, has been used to scientifically evaluate changes in the fire regime. To improve the consistency of the record, we completed a systematic search of Landsat Collection 2 for the Brooks Range Foothills ecoregion over the period 1972–2022. We found 57 unrecorded tundra burns, about 41% of the total, which now numbers 138. Only 15% and 33% of all fires appear in MODIS and VIIRS satellite-borne thermal anomaly products, respectively. The fire frequency in the first 37 years of the record is 0.89 y[sup.−1] for natural ignitions that spread ≥10 ha. Frequency in the last 13 years is 2.5 y[sup.−1] , indicating a nearly three-fold increase in fire frequency. Few fires are known to have burned the tundra of the Arctic Slope north of the Brooks Range in Alaska, USA. A total of 90 fires between 1969 and 2022 are known. Because fire has been rare, old burns can be detected by the traces of thermokarst and distinct vegetation they leave in otherwise uniform tundra, which are visible in aerial photograph archives. Several prehistoric tundra burns have been found in this way. Detection of tundra fires in this sparsely populated and remote area has been historically inconsistent and opportunistic, relying on reports by aircraft pilots. Fire reports have been logged into an administrative database which, out of necessity, has been used to scientifically evaluate changes in the fire regime. To improve the consistency of the record, we completed a systematic search of Landsat Collection 2 for the Brooks Range Foothills ecoregion over the period 1972–2022. We found 57 unrecorded tundra burns, about 41% of the total, which now numbers 138. Only 15% and 33% of all fires appear in MODIS and VIIRS satellite-borne thermal anomaly products, respectively. The fire frequency in the first 37 years of the record is 0.89 y⁻¹ for natural ignitions that spread ≥10 ha. Frequency in the last 13 years is 2.5 y⁻¹, indicating a nearly three-fold increase in fire frequency.
Audience	Academic
Author	Jones, Benjamin M. Jandt, Randi R. Miller, Eric A. Yokel, David A. Baughman, Carson A. Jenkins, Jennifer L.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Eric A. orcidid: 0000-0002-2021-2612 surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Eric A. – sequence: 2 givenname: Benjamin M. orcidid: 0000-0002-1517-4711 surname: Jones fullname: Jones, Benjamin M. – sequence: 3 givenname: Carson A. orcidid: 0000-0002-9423-9324 surname: Baughman fullname: Baughman, Carson A. – sequence: 4 givenname: Randi R. orcidid: 0000-0001-8471-792X surname: Jandt fullname: Jandt, Randi R. – sequence: 5 givenname: Jennifer L. surname: Jenkins fullname: Jenkins, Jennifer L. – sequence: 6 givenname: David A. surname: Yokel fullname: Yokel, David A.
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Cites_doi	10.14430/arctic2639 10.1002/2014GL060533 10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3 10.1029/2020JG006009 10.1029/2009JG001270 10.5194/bg-12-4017-2015 10.1038/srep15865 10.1126/science.abn9768 10.1080/15230430.2021.1899562 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.11.011 10.3390/rs8030218 10.3133/pp1240C 10.1111/ecog.02205 10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039 10.1088/1748-9326/aa9a76 10.1071/WF14167 10.1890/150063 10.1111/gcb.15451 10.14358/PERS.72.10.1155 10.3133/pp301 10.3390/rs13204145 10.3133/pp305E 10.3133/pp1399 10.1002/jgrg.20113 10.3133/pp302B 10.1029/2021JG006608 10.14430/arctic2806 10.1038/ngeo2674 10.1016/j.rse.2020.111801 10.14430/arctic2133
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SubjectTerms	Aerial photography aircraft Aircraft pilots Alaska Archives & records Arctic region Burns Coastal plains ecoregions Environmental aspects Eriophorum vaginatum fire frequency fire regime Fires Foothills Forest & brush fires Landsat Landsat satellites Pilots Polar environments Prehistoric era Remote sensing Seasons Surveillance Taiga & tundra thermokarst Tundra tussock Vegetation wildfire Wildfires
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Title	Unrecorded Tundra Fires of the Arctic Slope, Alaska USA
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