The REBURN model: simulating system-level forest succession and wildfire dynamics

Background Historically, reburn dynamics from cultural and lightning ignitions were central to the ecology of fire in the western United States (wUS), whereby past fire effects limited future fire growth and severity. Over millennia, reburns created heterogenous patchworks of vegetation and fuels th...

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Vydané v:Fire ecology Ročník 19; číslo 1; s. 38
Hlavní autori: Prichard, Susan J., Salter, R. Brion, Hessburg, Paul F., Povak, Nicholas A., Gray, Robert W.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2023
Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Climate change
Combustion
Deforestation
Dynamics
Ecological effects
Ecological succession
Ecology
Forest management
Forestry
Forests
Fuels
Global warming
Landscape
Life Sciences
Original Research
Pixels
Reburning
Simulation
Temperate forests
Vegetation
Vegetation type
Wildfires
United States > US
Reburns
Fire and vegetation dynamics
Mixed-severity fire
Interior Pacific Northwest
North-central Washington state
Surface and canopy fuel succession
Wildfire dynamics
Semi-arid forests
ISSN:1933-9747, 1933-9747
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Abstract Background Historically, reburn dynamics from cultural and lightning ignitions were central to the ecology of fire in the western United States (wUS), whereby past fire effects limited future fire growth and severity. Over millennia, reburns created heterogenous patchworks of vegetation and fuels that provided avenues and impediments to the flow of future fires, and feedbacks to future fire event sizes and their severity patterns. These dynamics have been significantly altered after more than a century of settler colonization, fire exclusion, and past forest management, now compounded by rapid climatic warming. Under climate change, the area impacted by large and severe wildfires will likely increase — with further implications for self-regulating properties of affected systems. An in-depth understanding of the ecology of reburns and their influence on system-level dynamics provides a baseline for understanding current and future landscape fire-vegetation interactions. Results Here, we present a detailed characterization of REBURN — a geospatial modeling framework designed to simulate reburn dynamics over large areas and long time frames. We interpret fire-vegetation dynamics for a large testbed landscape in eastern Washington State, USA. The landscape is comprised of common temperate forest and nonforest vegetation types distributed along broad topo-edaphic gradients. Each pixel in a vegetation type is represented by a pathway group (PWG), which assigns a specific state-transition model (STM) based on that pixel’s biophysical setting. STMs represent daily simulated and annually summarized vegetation and fuel succession, and wildfire effects on forest and nonforest succession. Wildfire dynamics are driven by annual ignitions, fire weather and topographic conditions, and annual vegetation and fuel successional states of burned and unburned pixels. Conclusions Our simulation study is the first to evaluate how fire exclusion and forest management altered the active fire regime of this landscape, its surface and canopy fuel patterns, forest and nonforest structural conditions, and the dynamics of forest reburning. The REBURN framework is now being used in related studies to evaluate future climate change scenarios and compare the efficacy of fire and fuel management strategies that either enable the return of active fire regimes or depend on fire suppression and wildfire effects on forest burning.
AbstractList BackgroundHistorically, reburn dynamics from cultural and lightning ignitions were central to the ecology of fire in the western United States (wUS), whereby past fire effects limited future fire growth and severity. Over millennia, reburns created heterogenous patchworks of vegetation and fuels that provided avenues and impediments to the flow of future fires, and feedbacks to future fire event sizes and their severity patterns. These dynamics have been significantly altered after more than a century of settler colonization, fire exclusion, and past forest management, now compounded by rapid climatic warming. Under climate change, the area impacted by large and severe wildfires will likely increase — with further implications for self-regulating properties of affected systems. An in-depth understanding of the ecology of reburns and their influence on system-level dynamics provides a baseline for understanding current and future landscape fire-vegetation interactions.ResultsHere, we present a detailed characterization of REBURN — a geospatial modeling framework designed to simulate reburn dynamics over large areas and long time frames. We interpret fire-vegetation dynamics for a large testbed landscape in eastern Washington State, USA. The landscape is comprised of common temperate forest and nonforest vegetation types distributed along broad topo-edaphic gradients. Each pixel in a vegetation type is represented by a pathway group (PWG), which assigns a specific state-transition model (STM) based on that pixel’s biophysical setting. STMs represent daily simulated and annually summarized vegetation and fuel succession, and wildfire effects on forest and nonforest succession. Wildfire dynamics are driven by annual ignitions, fire weather and topographic conditions, and annual vegetation and fuel successional states of burned and unburned pixels.ConclusionsOur simulation study is the first to evaluate how fire exclusion and forest management altered the active fire regime of this landscape, its surface and canopy fuel patterns, forest and nonforest structural conditions, and the dynamics of forest reburning. The REBURN framework is now being used in related studies to evaluate future climate change scenarios and compare the efficacy of fire and fuel management strategies that either enable the return of active fire regimes or depend on fire suppression and wildfire effects on forest burning.
Background Historically, reburn dynamics from cultural and lightning ignitions were central to the ecology of fire in the western United States (wUS), whereby past fire effects limited future fire growth and severity. Over millennia, reburns created heterogenous patchworks of vegetation and fuels that provided avenues and impediments to the flow of future fires, and feedbacks to future fire event sizes and their severity patterns. These dynamics have been significantly altered after more than a century of settler colonization, fire exclusion, and past forest management, now compounded by rapid climatic warming. Under climate change, the area impacted by large and severe wildfires will likely increase — with further implications for self-regulating properties of affected systems. An in-depth understanding of the ecology of reburns and their influence on system-level dynamics provides a baseline for understanding current and future landscape fire-vegetation interactions. Results Here, we present a detailed characterization of REBURN — a geospatial modeling framework designed to simulate reburn dynamics over large areas and long time frames. We interpret fire-vegetation dynamics for a large testbed landscape in eastern Washington State, USA. The landscape is comprised of common temperate forest and nonforest vegetation types distributed along broad topo-edaphic gradients. Each pixel in a vegetation type is represented by a pathway group (PWG), which assigns a specific state-transition model (STM) based on that pixel’s biophysical setting. STMs represent daily simulated and annually summarized vegetation and fuel succession, and wildfire effects on forest and nonforest succession. Wildfire dynamics are driven by annual ignitions, fire weather and topographic conditions, and annual vegetation and fuel successional states of burned and unburned pixels. Conclusions Our simulation study is the first to evaluate how fire exclusion and forest management altered the active fire regime of this landscape, its surface and canopy fuel patterns, forest and nonforest structural conditions, and the dynamics of forest reburning. The REBURN framework is now being used in related studies to evaluate future climate change scenarios and compare the efficacy of fire and fuel management strategies that either enable the return of active fire regimes or depend on fire suppression and wildfire effects on forest burning.
ArticleNumber 38
Author Prichard, Susan J.
Salter, R. Brion
Hessburg, Paul F.
Gray, Robert W.
Povak, Nicholas A.
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  fullname: Prichard, Susan J.
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  givenname: R. Brion
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  organization: University of Washington-SEFS, USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station
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  givenname: Nicholas A.
  surname: Povak
  fullname: Povak, Nicholas A.
  organization: USDA Forest Service, PSW Research Station
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Robert W.
  surname: Gray
  fullname: Gray, Robert W.
  organization: R.W. Gray Consulting
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Issue 1
Keywords Reburns
Fire and vegetation dynamics
Mixed-severity fire
Interior Pacific Northwest
North-central Washington state
Surface and canopy fuel succession
Wildfire dynamics
Semi-arid forests
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Snippet Background Historically, reburn dynamics from cultural and lightning ignitions were central to the ecology of fire in the western United States (wUS), whereby...
BackgroundHistorically, reburn dynamics from cultural and lightning ignitions were central to the ecology of fire in the western United States (wUS), whereby...
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StartPage 38
SubjectTerms Biomedical and Life Sciences
Climate change
Combustion
Deforestation
Dynamics
Ecological effects
Ecological succession
Ecology
Forest management
Forestry
Forests
Fuels
Global warming
Landscape
Life Sciences
Original Research
Pixels
Reburning
Simulation
Temperate forests
Vegetation
Vegetation type
Wildfires
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Title The REBURN model: simulating system-level forest succession and wildfire dynamics
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