Classification of the Mediterranean lowland to submontane pine forest vegetation

Aim Vegetation types of Mediterranean thermophilous pine forests dominated by Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea were studied in various areas. However, a comprehensive formal vegetation classification of these forests based on a detailed data analysis has never been deve...

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Vydáno v:Applied vegetation science Ročník 24; číslo 1
Hlavní autoři: Bonari, Gianmaria, Fernández‐González, Federico, Çoban, Süleyman, Monteiro‐Henriques, Tiago, Bergmeier, Erwin, Didukh, Yakiv P., Xystrakis, Fotios, Angiolini, Claudia, Chytrý, Kryštof, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Agrillo, Emiliano, Costa, José C., Danihelka, Jiří, Hennekens, Stephan M., Kavgacı, Ali, Knollová, Ilona, Neto, Carlos S., Sağlam, Coşkun, Škvorc, Željko, Tichý, Lubomír, Chytrý, Milan, Ewald, Jörg
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Malden Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2021
Témata:
Alliances
biogeography
Caucasus region
Classification
Composition
Coniferous forests
Data analysis
data collection
Datasets
expert system
Expert systems
forest
Forests
geographical distribution
Mediterranean Basin
natural resources conservation
Nature conservation
New classes
Northern Africa
phytosociology
Pine
Pine trees
Pinetea halepensis
Pinus
Pinus brutia
Pinus halepensis
Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinea
Quercetea ilicis
Seasonal variations
Southern European region
Species composition
species diversity
surveys
temperature
Turkey (country)
Vegetation
vegetation classification
vegetation‐plot database
Workflow
Northern Africa
Caucasus region
Southern European region
ISSN:1402-2001, 1654-109X
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Shrnutí:Aim Vegetation types of Mediterranean thermophilous pine forests dominated by Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea were studied in various areas. However, a comprehensive formal vegetation classification of these forests based on a detailed data analysis has never been developed. Our aim is to provide the first broad‐scale classification of these pine forests based on a large data set of vegetation plots. Location Southern Europe, North Africa, Levant, Anatolia, Crimea and the Caucasus. Methods We prepared a data set of European and Mediterranean pine forest vegetation plots. We selected 7,277 plots dominated by the cold‐sensitive Mediterranean pine species Pinus brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster and Pinus pinea. We classified these plots using TWINSPAN, interpreted the ecologically and biogeographically homogeneous TWINSPAN clusters as alliances, and developed an expert system for automatic vegetation classification at the class, order and alliance levels. Results We described Pinetea halepensis as a new class for the Mediterranean lowland to submontane pine forests, included in the existing Pinetalia halepensis order, and distinguished 12 alliances of native thermophilous pine forests, including four newly described and three informal groups merging supposedly native stands and old‐established plantations. The main gradients in species composition reflect elevational vegetation belts and the west–east, and partly north–south, biogeographical differences. Both temperature and precipitation seasonality co‐vary with these gradients. Conclusions We provide the first formal classification at the order and alliance levels for all the Mediterranean thermophilous pine forests based on vegetation‐plot data. This classification includes traditional syntaxa, which have been critically revised, and a new class and four new alliances. We also outline a methodological workflow that might be useful for other vegetation classification syntheses. The expert system, which is jointly based on pine dominance and species composition, is a tool for applying this classification in research and nature conservation survey, monitoring and management. We developed the first formal classification for all the Mediterranean thermophilous pine forests based on vegetation‐plot data. This classification includes both traditional and new syntaxa. We also outline a methodological workflow that might be useful for other large‐scale vegetation classifications. We provide an expert system for applying this classification in research and nature conservation surveys, monitoring and management.
Bibliografie:Funding information
GB was funded by the post‐doc programme of the Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University and by the Free University of Bozen‐Bolzano through the CONplant project (TN201H), JD, IK, LT and MC by the Czech Science Foundation (19‐28491X), FFG by the Plan Propio of the UCLM (2020‐GRIN‐29214), TMH by the European Social Fund (POCH), by National Funds (MCTES) through a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia postdoctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/115057/2016) and project no. UIDB/04033/2020.
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ISSN:1402-2001
1654-109X
DOI:10.1111/avsc.12544