Infrared face recognition: A comprehensive review of methodologies and databases

Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is unsurprising that it continues to be one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Even after over three decades of intense resea...

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Published in:	Pattern recognition Vol. 47; no. 9; pp. 2807 - 2824
Main Authors:	Shoja Ghiass, Reza, Arandjelović, Ognjen, Bendada, Abdelhakim, Maldague, Xavier
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2014 Elsevier
Subjects:	Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Computer science; control theory; systems Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction Exact sciences and technology Face recognition Fusion Identification Image processing Information, signal and communications theory Infrared Law enforcement Literature reviews Pattern recognition Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry Physiology Signal and communications theory Signal processing Signal, noise Survey Telecommunications and information theory Thermal Thermogram Vein extraction Vein extraction Survey Thermogram Identification Fusion Thermal Biometrics Computer vision State of the art Image recognition Face recognition Image processing Pattern recognition Accuracy Computer graphics Database Illumination Visible spectrum Physiology Thermal imaging Automatic recognition
ISSN:	0031-3203, 1873-5142
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Abstract	Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is unsurprising that it continues to be one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Even after over three decades of intense research, the state-of-the-art in face recognition continues to improve, benefitting from advances in a range of different research fields such as image processing, pattern recognition, computer graphics, and physiology. Systems based on visible spectrum images, the most researched face recognition modality, have reached a significant level of maturity with some practical success. However, they continue to face challenges in the presence of illumination, pose and expression changes, as well as facial disguises, all of which can significantly decrease recognition accuracy. Amongst various approaches which have been proposed in an attempt to overcome these limitations, the use of infrared (IR) imaging has emerged as a particularly promising research direction. This paper presents a comprehensive and timely review of the literature on this subject. Our key contributions are (i) a summary of the inherent properties of infrared imaging which makes this modality promising in the context of face recognition; (ii) a systematic review of the most influential approaches, with a focus on emerging common trends as well as key differences between alternative methodologies; (iii) a description of the main databases of infrared facial images available to the researcher; and lastly (iv) a discussion of the most promising avenues for future research. •The most comprehensive and up to date review of the field.•Useful conceptual organization of a large body of work, with an emphasis on the key trends and the most recent advances.•Includes a description of and a quick guide to the largest publicly available data sets available to researchers.
AbstractList	Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is unsurprising that it continues to be one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Even after over three decades of intense research, the state-of-the-art in face recognition continues to improve, benefitting from advances in a range of different research fields such as image processing, pattern recognition, computer graphics, and physiology. Systems based on visible spectrum images, the most researched face recognition modality, have reached a significant level of maturity with some practical success. However, they continue to face challenges in the presence of illumination, pose and expression changes, as well as facial disguises, all of which can significantly decrease recognition accuracy. Amongst various approaches which have been proposed in an attempt to overcome these limitations, the use of infrared (IR) imaging has emerged as a particularly promising research direction. This paper presents a comprehensive and timely review of the literature on this subject. Our key contributions are (i) a summary of the inherent properties of infrared imaging which makes this modality promising in the context of face recognition; (ii) a systematic review of the most influential approaches, with a focus on emerging common trends as well as key differences between alternative methodologies; (iii) a description of the main databases of infrared facial images available to the researcher; and lastly (iv) a discussion of the most promising avenues for future research. •The most comprehensive and up to date review of the field.•Useful conceptual organization of a large body of work, with an emphasis on the key trends and the most recent advances.•Includes a description of and a quick guide to the largest publicly available data sets available to researchers. Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is unsurprising that it continues to be one of the most active research areas of computer vision. Even after over three decades of intense research, the state-of-the-art in face recognition continues to improve, benefitting from advances in a range of different research fields such as image processing, pattern recognition, computer graphics, and physiology. Systems based on visible spectrum images, the most researched face recognition modality, have reached a significant level of maturity with some practical success. However, they continue to face challenges in the presence of illumination, pose and expression changes, as well as facial disguises, all of which can significantly decrease recognition accuracy. Amongst various approaches which have been proposed in an attempt to overcome these limitations, the use of infrared (IR) imaging has emerged as a particularly promising research direction. This paper presents a comprehensive and timely review of the literature on this subject. Our key contributions are (i) a summary of the inherent properties of infrared imaging which makes this modality promising in the context of face recognition; (ii) a systematic review of the most influential approaches, with a focus on emerging common trends as well as key differences between alternative methodologies; (iii) a description of the main databases of infrared facial images available to the researcher; and lastly (iv) a discussion of the most promising avenues for future research.
Author	Shoja Ghiass, Reza Maldague, Xavier Bendada, Abdelhakim Arandjelović, Ognjen
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Reza surname: Shoja Ghiass fullname: Shoja Ghiass, Reza organization: Computer Vision & Systems, Université Laval, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Ognjen surname: Arandjelović fullname: Arandjelović, Ognjen email: ognjen.arandjelovic@gmail.com organization: Cenre for Pattern Recognition & Data Analytics, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Abdelhakim surname: Bendada fullname: Bendada, Abdelhakim organization: Computer Vision & Systems, Université Laval, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Xavier surname: Maldague fullname: Maldague, Xavier organization: Computer Vision & Systems, Université Laval, Canada
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Keywords	Vein extraction Survey Thermogram Identification Fusion Thermal Biometrics Computer vision State of the art Image recognition Face recognition Image processing Pattern recognition Accuracy Computer graphics Database Illumination Visible spectrum Physiology Thermal imaging Automatic recognition
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Snippet	Automatic face recognition is an area with immense practical potential which includes a wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications. Hence it is...
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SubjectTerms	Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Computer science; control theory; systems Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction Exact sciences and technology Face recognition Fusion Identification Image processing Information, signal and communications theory Infrared Law enforcement Literature reviews Pattern recognition Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry Physiology Signal and communications theory Signal processing Signal, noise Survey Telecommunications and information theory Thermal Thermogram Vein extraction
Title	Infrared face recognition: A comprehensive review of methodologies and databases
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