The Effect of Increased Plant Protein Intake on the Lipid Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials

Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid regulation may reduce CVD risk and slow CKD progression. While there is evidence that a higher plant protein intake could ameli...

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Vydáno v:	Nutrients Ročník 17; číslo 9; s. 1408
Hlavní autoři:	Papaodyssea, Ioanna, Lagiou, Areti, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Valanou, Elisavet, Naska, Androniki
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland MDPI AG 23.04.2025 MDPI
Témata:	Adult Aged Apolipoproteins Bias Cardiovascular diseases Chronic kidney failure Clinical trials Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic Female Grey literature High density lipoprotein Humans Intervention Kidney diseases Lipids Lipids - blood Lipoproteins Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Meta-analysis Middle Aged Mortality Plant Proteins - administration & dosage Plant Proteins, Dietary - administration & dosage Proteins Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diet therapy Review Standard deviation Triglycerides Triglycerides - blood dialysis chronic kidney disease soy protein meta-analysis triglycerides total cholesterol HDL cholesterol Apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein A plant protein LDL cholesterol ApoB CKD ApoA
ISSN:	2072-6643, 2072-6643
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Abstract	Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid regulation may reduce CVD risk and slow CKD progression. While there is evidence that a higher plant protein intake could ameliorate lipid levels in the general population, the effects of this dietary regimen within the CKD population remain uncertain, with studies providing conflicting results. We aim to investigate the impact of increased plant protein intake on the lipid levels of CKD patients. Methods: Two electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) were reviewed for controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of increased plant protein intake versus the usual CKD animal-based diet in CKD patients, published until June 2024. Results: Eleven trials, encompassing 248 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, compared to the usually recommended CKD diet, increased plant protein intake was associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol (−24.51 mg/dL, 95% CI −40.33, −8.69), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (−21.71 mg/dL, 95% CI −38.32, −5.1), triglycerides (− 21.88 mg/dL, 95% CI −35.34, −8.40), and Apolipoprotein B levels (−11.21 mg/dL, 95% CI −18.18, −4.25). No significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI −1.82, 1.99) and Apolipoprotein A levels (0.04 mg/dL, 95% CI −7.14, 7.21). Conclusions: Increased plant protein intake, mainly from soy, reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and ApoB in adult CKD patients. Further research is needed to assess these effects in dialysis patients and explore non-soy plant sources.
AbstractList	Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid regulation may reduce CVD risk and slow CKD progression. While there is evidence that a higher plant protein intake could ameliorate lipid levels in the general population, the effects of this dietary regimen within the CKD population remain uncertain, with studies providing conflicting results. We aim to investigate the impact of increased plant protein intake on the lipid levels of CKD patients. Methods: Two electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) were reviewed for controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of increased plant protein intake versus the usual CKD animal-based diet in CKD patients, published until June 2024. Results: Eleven trials, encompassing 248 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, compared to the usually recommended CKD diet, increased plant protein intake was associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol (−24.51 mg/dL, 95% CI −40.33, −8.69), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (−21.71 mg/dL, 95% CI −38.32, −5.1), triglycerides (− 21.88 mg/dL, 95% CI −35.34, −8.40), and Apolipoprotein B levels (−11.21 mg/dL, 95% CI −18.18, −4.25). No significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI −1.82, 1.99) and Apolipoprotein A levels (0.04 mg/dL, 95% CI −7.14, 7.21). Conclusions: Increased plant protein intake, mainly from soy, reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and ApoB in adult CKD patients. Further research is needed to assess these effects in dialysis patients and explore non-soy plant sources. Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid regulation may reduce CVD risk and slow CKD progression. While there is evidence that a higher plant protein intake could ameliorate lipid levels in the general population, the effects of this dietary regimen within the CKD population remain uncertain, with studies providing conflicting results. We aim to investigate the impact of increased plant protein intake on the lipid levels of CKD patients. Methods: Two electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) were reviewed for controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of increased plant protein intake versus the usual CKD animal-based diet in CKD patients, published until June 2024. Results: Eleven trials, encompassing 248 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, compared to the usually recommended CKD diet, increased plant protein intake was associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol (-24.51 mg/dL, 95% CI -40.33, -8.69), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-21.71 mg/dL, 95% CI -38.32, -5.1), triglycerides (- 21.88 mg/dL, 95% CI -35.34, -8.40), and Apolipoprotein B levels (-11.21 mg/dL, 95% CI -18.18, -4.25). No significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI -1.82, 1.99) and Apolipoprotein A levels (0.04 mg/dL, 95% CI -7.14, 7.21). Conclusions: Increased plant protein intake, mainly from soy, reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and ApoB in adult CKD patients. Further research is needed to assess these effects in dialysis patients and explore non-soy plant sources.Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid regulation may reduce CVD risk and slow CKD progression. While there is evidence that a higher plant protein intake could ameliorate lipid levels in the general population, the effects of this dietary regimen within the CKD population remain uncertain, with studies providing conflicting results. We aim to investigate the impact of increased plant protein intake on the lipid levels of CKD patients. Methods: Two electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) were reviewed for controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of increased plant protein intake versus the usual CKD animal-based diet in CKD patients, published until June 2024. Results: Eleven trials, encompassing 248 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, compared to the usually recommended CKD diet, increased plant protein intake was associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol (-24.51 mg/dL, 95% CI -40.33, -8.69), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-21.71 mg/dL, 95% CI -38.32, -5.1), triglycerides (- 21.88 mg/dL, 95% CI -35.34, -8.40), and Apolipoprotein B levels (-11.21 mg/dL, 95% CI -18.18, -4.25). No significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI -1.82, 1.99) and Apolipoprotein A levels (0.04 mg/dL, 95% CI -7.14, 7.21). Conclusions: Increased plant protein intake, mainly from soy, reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and ApoB in adult CKD patients. Further research is needed to assess these effects in dialysis patients and explore non-soy plant sources. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid regulation may reduce CVD risk and slow CKD progression. While there is evidence that a higher plant protein intake could ameliorate lipid levels in the general population, the effects of this dietary regimen within the CKD population remain uncertain, with studies providing conflicting results. We aim to investigate the impact of increased plant protein intake on the lipid levels of CKD patients. Two electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus) were reviewed for controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of increased plant protein intake versus the usual CKD animal-based diet in CKD patients, published until June 2024. Eleven trials, encompassing 248 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, compared to the usually recommended CKD diet, increased plant protein intake was associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol (-24.51 mg/dL, 95% CI -40.33, -8.69), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-21.71 mg/dL, 95% CI -38.32, -5.1), triglycerides (- 21.88 mg/dL, 95% CI -35.34, -8.40), and Apolipoprotein B levels (-11.21 mg/dL, 95% CI -18.18, -4.25). No significant changes were observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.09 mg/dL, 95% CI -1.82, 1.99) and Apolipoprotein A levels (0.04 mg/dL, 95% CI -7.14, 7.21). Increased plant protein intake, mainly from soy, reduces total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and ApoB in adult CKD patients. Further research is needed to assess these effects in dialysis patients and explore non-soy plant sources.
Audience	Academic
Author	Valanou, Elisavet Tzoulaki, Ioanna Naska, Androniki Lagiou, Areti Papaodyssea, Ioanna
AuthorAffiliation	3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; itzoulaki@bioacademy.gr 2 Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece; alagiou@uniwa.gr 1 Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; ioannnapap92@gmail.com (I.P.); evalanou@med.uoa.gr (E.V.) 4 Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institution Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece; ioannnapap92@gmail.com (I.P.); evalanou@med.uoa.gr (E.V.) – name: 4 Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Institution Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece – name: 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; itzoulaki@bioacademy.gr – name: 2 Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece; alagiou@uniwa.gr
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ioanna surname: Papaodyssea fullname: Papaodyssea, Ioanna – sequence: 2 givenname: Areti orcidid: 0000-0002-6687-358X surname: Lagiou fullname: Lagiou, Areti – sequence: 3 givenname: Ioanna surname: Tzoulaki fullname: Tzoulaki, Ioanna – sequence: 4 givenname: Elisavet surname: Valanou fullname: Valanou, Elisavet – sequence: 5 givenname: Androniki orcidid: 0000-0002-1610-1813 surname: Naska fullname: Naska, Androniki
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40362717$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	dialysis chronic kidney disease soy protein meta-analysis triglycerides total cholesterol HDL cholesterol Apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein A plant protein LDL cholesterol ApoB CKD ApoA
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Snippet	Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death.... Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the primary cause of death. Proper lipid...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Apolipoproteins Bias Cardiovascular diseases Chronic kidney failure Clinical trials Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic Female Grey literature High density lipoprotein Humans Intervention Kidney diseases Lipids Lipids - blood Lipoproteins Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Meta-analysis Middle Aged Mortality Plant Proteins - administration & dosage Plant Proteins, Dietary - administration & dosage Proteins Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diet therapy Review Standard deviation Triglycerides Triglycerides - blood
Title	The Effect of Increased Plant Protein Intake on the Lipid Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
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