Trans-synaptic degeneration in the visual pathway: Neural connectivity, pathophysiology, and clinical implications in neurodegenerative disorders

There is a strong interrelationship between eye and brain diseases. It has been shown that neurodegenerative changes can spread bidirectionally in the visual pathway along neuronal projections. For example, damage to retinal ganglion cells in the retina leads to degeneration of the visual cortex (an...

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Published in:Survey of ophthalmology Vol. 67; no. 2; pp. 411 - 426
Main Authors: Sharma, Samridhi, Chitranshi, Nitin, Wall, Roshana Vander, Basavarajappa, Devaraj, Gupta, Vivek, Mirzaei, Mehdi, Graham, Stuart L, Klistorner, Alexander, You, Yuyi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2022
Subjects:
anterograde
axonal loss
bidirectional trans-synaptic degeneration
Humans
Neurodegenerative Diseases - complications
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
neurodegenerative disorders
Retinal Ganglion Cells - pathology
retrograde
Retrograde Degeneration - pathology
synapse dysfunction
Synapses - pathology
Trans-synaptic degeneration
visual pathway
Visual Pathways - pathology
Trans-synaptic degeneration
retrograde
bidirectional trans-synaptic degeneration
neurodegenerative disorders
anterograde
visual pathway
axonal loss
synapse dysfunction
ISSN:0039-6257, 1879-3304, 1879-3304
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:There is a strong interrelationship between eye and brain diseases. It has been shown that neurodegenerative changes can spread bidirectionally in the visual pathway along neuronal projections. For example, damage to retinal ganglion cells in the retina leads to degeneration of the visual cortex (anterograde degeneration) and vice versa (retrograde degeneration). The underlying mechanisms of this process, known as trans-synaptic degeneration (TSD), are unknown, but TSD contributes to the progression of numerous neurodegenerative disorders, leading to clinical and functional deterioration. The hierarchical structure of the visual system comprises of a strong topographic connectivity between the retina and the visual cortex and therefore serves as an ideal model to study the cellular effect, clinical manifestations, and deterioration extent of TSD. With this review we provide comprehensive information about the neural connectivity, synapse function, molecular changes, and pathophysiology of TSD in visual pathways. We then discuss its bidirectional nature and clinical implications in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of TSD in the visual pathway can provide insights into progression of neurodegenerative disorders and its potential as a therapeutic target. [Display omitted]
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ISSN:0039-6257
1879-3304
1879-3304
DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.001