Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers

•Periodontal status and GCF cytokines among cigarette-smokers, e-cigarette users and never-smokers were compared.•46 cigarette-smokers, 44 e-cigarette users and 45 never-smokers were included.•Periodontal status is poorer in cigarette-smokers compared with other groups.•GCF cytokines are higher in c...

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Veröffentlicht in:Archives of oral biology Jg. 102; S. 212 - 217
Hauptverfasser: BinShabaib, Munerah, ALHarthi, Shatha Subhi, Akram, Zohaib, Khan, Junad, Rahman, Irfan, Romanos, Georgios E., Javed, Fawad
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2019
Schlagworte:
Cytokines
Dental Plaque Index
Electronic cigarettes
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Humans
Periodontal index
Periodontal pocket
Smokers
Smoking
Tooth loss
Dental plaque index
Tooth loss
Electronic cigarettes
Periodontal index
Periodontal pocket
Smoking
ISSN:0003-9969, 1879-1506, 1879-1506
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Zusammenfassung:•Periodontal status and GCF cytokines among cigarette-smokers, e-cigarette users and never-smokers were compared.•46 cigarette-smokers, 44 e-cigarette users and 45 never-smokers were included.•Periodontal status is poorer in cigarette-smokers compared with other groups.•GCF cytokines are higher in cigarette-smokers compared with other groups. There are no studies that have compared the clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL] and number of missing teeth [MT]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of proinflammatory cytokines among cigarette-smokers and individuals using electronic-cigarettes. The aim was to compare the clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers (Group-1), electronic-cigarette users (Group-2) and never-smokers (Group-3). Demographic data including age, gender, duration and reason for smoking and vaping and daily frequency and duration of smoking and vaping was collected using a questionnaire. Clinical (PI, BOP, PD and clinical AL) and radiographic (MBL) periodontal parameters were recorded. The volume of collected GCF was determined and levels of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were investigated. Forty-six cigarette-smokers, 44 electronic-cigarette users and 45 never-smokers were included in groups 1–3, respectively. Mean scores of PI (P < 0.05), PD (P < 0.05) and clinical AL (P < 0.05) were significantly higher among individuals in Group-1 than Group-3. Compared with groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05), BOP was more often manifested among patients in Group-3. Compared with Group-3, MBL was significantly higher in groups 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.01). GCF volume was significantly higher in Group-1 compared with groups 2 and 3. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and MMP-8 were significantly higher in the GCF samples of individuals in Group-1 (P < 0.05) than groups 2 and 3. Periodontal status is poorer and GCF levels of proinflammatory cytokines are higher in cigarette-smokers compared with electronic-cigarette smokers and never-smokers. However, the probability of increased periodontal inflammation and GCF proinflammatory cytokine levels in electronic-cigarette users than never-smokers cannot be annulled.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0003-9969
1879-1506
1879-1506
DOI:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.001