Microstructure characterization and wear performance of WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coating fabricated via electron beam cladding

In this study, WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coatings were fabricated under varying cladding voltages via electron beam cladding technology. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear performance of the composite coatings were studied. In addition, temperature field simulations were performed for the cladding...

Celý popis

Uložené v:

Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	Surface & coatings technology Ročník 422; s. 127493
Hlavní autori:	Chen, Yawei, Wang, De, Wang, Wenqin, Liu, Yong, Sato, Yutaka S., Yamaguchi, Tomiko, Chen, Yunxia, Wang, Chenghai
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English Japanese
Vydavateľské údaje:	Lausanne Elsevier B.V 25.09.2021 Elsevier BV
Predmet:	Abrasive wear Adhesive wear Atoms & subatomic particles Cladding Coatings Computer simulation Diffusion Electron beam cladding Electron beams Finite element method Mechanical properties Microhardness Microstructure Temperature distribution Temperature field simulation Titanium base alloys Titanium carbide Tungsten carbide WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V Wear performance Electron beam cladding Temperature field simulation Wear performance WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V
ISSN:	0257-8972, 1879-3347
On-line prístup:	Získať plný text
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Abstract	In this study, WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coatings were fabricated under varying cladding voltages via electron beam cladding technology. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear performance of the composite coatings were studied. In addition, temperature field simulations were performed for the cladding process applying ABAQUS. The thickness of the coatings ranged from 350 to 850 μm. The presence of α-Ti, (Ti, W)C1-X, and small amounts of WC, TiC, (W, Ti)C1-X, W2C, and β-Ti in the coatings was confirmed. WC and TiC were partially dissolved and, in accordance with the simulated temperature field, resulted in the appearance of (W, Ti)C1-X around the WC particles. Moreover, the consumption of C atoms was beneficial for the diffusion of W atoms into the TiC lattice to form (Ti, W)C1-X. In the comparison of experimental and numerical simulation results, it was found that a deeper penetration and further settlement of WC particles was observed experimentally, when a higher cladding voltage was applied. The coating prepared under 65 kV exhibited the best mechanical performance and its friction mechanism entailed abrasive and adhesive wear. •WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings were fabricated via electron beam cladding.•Microstructures of the coatings were characterized.•Formation mechanisms of (Ti, W)C1-X and (W, Ti)C1-X were investigated.•The coating fabricated at 65 kV exhibited best wear resistance performance.
AbstractList	In this study, WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coatings were fabricated under varying cladding voltages via electron beam cladding technology. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear performance of the composite coatings were studied. In addition, temperature field simulations were performed for the cladding process applying ABAQUS. The thickness of the coatings ranged from 350 to 850 μm. The presence of α-Ti, (Ti, W)C1-X, and small amounts of WC, TiC, (W, Ti)C1-X, W2C, and β-Ti in the coatings was confirmed. WC and TiC were partially dissolved and, in accordance with the simulated temperature field, resulted in the appearance of (W, Ti)C1-X around the WC particles. Moreover, the consumption of C atoms was beneficial for the diffusion of W atoms into the TiC lattice to form (Ti, W)C1-X. In the comparison of experimental and numerical simulation results, it was found that a deeper penetration and further settlement of WC particles was observed experimentally, when a higher cladding voltage was applied. The coating prepared under 65 kV exhibited the best mechanical performance and its friction mechanism entailed abrasive and adhesive wear. •WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings were fabricated via electron beam cladding.•Microstructures of the coatings were characterized.•Formation mechanisms of (Ti, W)C1-X and (W, Ti)C1-X were investigated.•The coating fabricated at 65 kV exhibited best wear resistance performance. In this study, WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coatings were fabricated under varying cladding voltages via electron beam cladding technology. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear performance of the composite coatings were studied. In addition, temperature field simulations were performed for the cladding process applying ABAQUS. The thickness of the coatings ranged from 350 to 850 μm. The presence of α-Ti, (Ti, W)C1-X, and small amounts of WC, TiC, (W, Ti)C1-X, W2C, and β-Ti in the coatings was confirmed. WC and TiC were partially dissolved and, in accordance with the simulated temperature field, resulted in the appearance of (W, Ti)C1-X around the WC particles. Moreover, the consumption of C atoms was beneficial for the diffusion of W atoms into the TiC lattice to form (Ti, W)C1-X. In the comparison of experimental and numerical simulation results, it was found that a deeper penetration and further settlement of WC particles was observed experimentally, when a higher cladding voltage was applied. The coating prepared under 65 kV exhibited the best mechanical performance and its friction mechanism entailed abrasive and adhesive wear.
ArticleNumber	127493
Author	Chen, Yawei Yamaguchi, Tomiko Sato, Yutaka S. Wang, Chenghai Chen, Yunxia Wang, Wenqin Liu, Yong Wang, De
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Yawei surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yawei organization: Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China – sequence: 2 givenname: De surname: Wang fullname: Wang, De organization: School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Wenqin surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Wenqin email: wangwenqin@ncu.edu.cn organization: Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yong surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yong organization: Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yutaka S. surname: Sato fullname: Sato, Yutaka S. organization: Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Tomiko surname: Yamaguchi fullname: Yamaguchi, Tomiko organization: Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Yunxia surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yunxia email: chenyx@sdju.edu.cn organization: School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 201306, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Chenghai surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chenghai organization: Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
BackLink	https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1870865118176712448$$DView record in CiNii
BookMark	eNqFkc1u1DAURiNUJKaFV0CWYJup_2LHEguqEbRIRWwKLC2PfQ0eZeLhxmkFT49DYMOmG3tzvvvZ5543Z2MeoWleMrpllKnLw3aaMfrsypZTzraMa2nEk2bDem1aIaQ-azaUd7rtjebPmvNpOlBKmTZy0zx8TB7zVHD2ZUYg_rtD5wtg-uVKyiNxYyAP4JCcAGPGoxs9kBzJ113L6C5f3qVWXQ2t_EKWF6TxG4luj8m7AoHcJ0dgAF-wTtqDOxI_uBAq9bx5Gt0wwYu_90Xz-f27u91Ne_vp-sPu6rb1UnSl7bxgAgJEo8AoxSX1HLQAvze8i52JXAUfDBcgGe0jNd65vZeuD0zHSIO4aF6tc0-Yf8wwFXvIM4610lYjomO9YqpSb1ZqcTEhROtT-fP_gi4NllG7qLYH-0-1XVTbVXWNq__iJ0xHhz8fD75eg2NKtXI569JorzrGeqaVZlzKvmJvVwyqqfsEaCefoC4iJKxybcjpsabfEz-qmQ
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s11666_024_01781_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2025_112863 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijrmhm_2023_106463 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2022_03_621 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matlet_2022_133203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vacuum_2023_112680 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11661_024_07373_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2023_129889 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2025_182991
Cites_doi	10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.522.167 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126503 10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.01.003 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.01.082 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.05.049 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.08.051 10.1088/2053-1591/ab7403 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106273 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.021 10.1016/j.vacuum.2010.08.027 10.1361/105497199770335866 10.1179/095066079790136363 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.03.083 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126974 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.057 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.043 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30241-8 10.1007/s00170-017-1224-y 10.1016/0263-4368(96)00009-1 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.04.063 10.1080/10426914.2012.718477 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.030 10.3390/ma13092137 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00366-X 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.06.013 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.012 10.1080/02670836.2015.1126906 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149338 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.09.050 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.038 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.057 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.03.008 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.077 10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.056 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.170 10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.09.018 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126544 10.1007/s42243-019-00359-y 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146214 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.06.013 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125371
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2021 Elsevier B.V. Copyright Elsevier BV Sep 25, 2021
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2021 Elsevier B.V. – notice: Copyright Elsevier BV Sep 25, 2021
DBID	RYH AAYXX CITATION 7QQ 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9
DOI	10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493
DatabaseName	CiNii Complete CrossRef Ceramic Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database Materials Research Database
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Materials Research Database Engineered Materials Abstracts Ceramic Abstracts Technology Research Database METADEX
DatabaseTitleList	Materials Research Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Chemistry
EISSN	1879-3347
ExternalDocumentID	10_1016_j_surfcoat_2021_127493 S0257897221006678
GroupedDBID	--K --M .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 4.4 457 4G. 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AABNK AABXZ AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAEPC AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAXUO ABFNM ABFRF ABMAC ABNEU ABXRA ABYKQ ACDAQ ACFVG ACGFS ACIWK ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE AEBSH AEFWE AEKER AENEX AEZYN AFKWA AFRZQ AFTJW AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AIVDX AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AXJTR BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA IHE J1W KOM M24 M38 M41 MAGPM MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OGIMB OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 RNS ROL RPZ SDF SDG SDP SES SPC SPCBC SPD SSM SSQ SSZ T5K XPP ZMT ~02 ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO ABJNI ACLOT ACVFH ADCNI AEIPS AEUPX AFPUW AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP EFKBS RYH ~HD 29Q 9DU AAQXK AAYXX ABWVN ABXDB ACNNM ACRPL ADMUD ADNMO AFJKZ AGHFR AGQPQ ASPBG AVWKF AZFZN BBWZM CITATION EJD FEDTE FGOYB G-2 HMV HVGLF HX~ HZ~ NDZJH R2- SEW SMS SPG WUQ 7QQ 7SR 8BQ 8FD JG9
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-5c313edef96e966240c2e73ecb925f59f26dcd923e4108f09caabc4a8d17ff0d3
ISICitedReferencesCount	12
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000685607200023&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0257-8972
IngestDate	Sun Nov 09 08:05:58 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:33:25 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:24:15 EST 2025 Mon Nov 10 09:09:44 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:43:03 EST 2024
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Keywords	Electron beam cladding Temperature field simulation Wear performance WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V
Language	English Japanese
LinkModel	OpenURL
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c435t-5c313edef96e966240c2e73ecb925f59f26dcd923e4108f09caabc4a8d17ff0d3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
PQID	2573518616
PQPubID	2045394
ParticipantIDs	proquest_journals_2573518616 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2021_127493 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2021_127493 nii_cinii_1870865118176712448 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_surfcoat_2021_127493
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2021-09-25
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2021-09-25
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 09 year: 2021 text: 2021-09-25 day: 25
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Lausanne
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Lausanne
PublicationTitle	Surface & coatings technology
PublicationYear	2021
Publisher	Elsevier B.V Elsevier BV
Publisher_xml	– name: Elsevier B.V – name: Elsevier BV
References	Shah, Khurshid, Haq (bb0145) 2018; 95 Srivastava, Das (bb0125) 2008; 62 G, Zhao, Zhang (bb0160) 2011; 21 Zhang, Tan, Zhang (bb0150) 2018; 85 Liu, Liu, Meng (bb0155) 2014; 143 Qiao, Liu, Zhai (bb0015) 2016; 32 Vreeling, Ocelı’k, De Hosson (bb0095) 2002; 50 Pero, Maizza, Montanari (bb0075) 2020; 13 Deng, Wu, Wan (bb0170) 2012; 522 Chen, Liu, Li (bb0120) 2008; 202 Arvieu, Manaud, Quenisset (bb0195) 2004; 368 Smith, Hashemi (bb0185) 2009 Gao, Fan, Yu (bb0010) 2020; 5 Li, Gao, Li (bb0225) 2016; 77 Tijo, Masanta (bb0055) 2018; 344 Guan, Chai, Wang (bb0035) 2021; 549 Munagala, Chromik (bb0060) 2021; 411 Munawar Iqbal, Majeed (bb0175) 2011; 85 Nino, Izua, Sekine (bb0205) 2019; 82 Xiong, Hofmeister, Cheng (bb0140) 2009; 57 Liu, Hu, Min (bb0110) 2015; 69 Li, Liu, Chen (bb0115) 2009; 57 Haldar, Bandyopadhyay, Sharma (bb0210) 1999; 20 Beleia, Fitseva, Santos (bb0050) 2017; 329 Dasha, Nayak (bb0220) 2019; 45 Kılıçaya, Buytozb, Ulutan (bb0040) 2020; 397 Yang, Gao (bb0045) 2021; 405 Liu, Wang, Qi (bb0135) 2018; 47 Chen, Liu, Li (bb0100) 2009; 484 Diao, Zhang (bb0030) 2015; 352 Xiang, Chen, Chai (bb0090) 2020; 517 Li, Wang, Song (bb0190) 2020; 385 Yang, Wang, Wang (bb0105) 2020; 27 Voitovich, Sverdel, Voitovich (bb0065) 1996; 14 . Weng, Chen, Yu (bb0020) 2014; 58 Tan, Sua, Zhu (bb0165) 2020; 129 Nam, Lim, Kang (bb0215) 2010; 527 Cheng, Yang, Zhang (bb0005) 2012; 31 M.M. Xu, J.C. Tang, N. Ye, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-cladded WC-Co composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V, Mater. Res. Express in press. doi Exner (bb0200) 1979; 243 Farayibi, Folkes, Clare (bb0080) 2013; 28 Chai, Chao Wang (bb0085) 2020; 402 Li, Chen, He (bb0025) 2012; 133 Lu, Cao, Lu (bb0180) 2019; 369 Yang, b, Xiong (bb0130) 2017; 66 Voitovich (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0065) 1996; 14 Qiao (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0015) 2016; 32 Beleia (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0050) 2017; 329 Chen (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0100) 2009; 484 Srivastava (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0125) 2008; 62 Kılıçaya (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0040) 2020; 397 Shah (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0145) 2018; 95 Li (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0190) 2020; 385 Haldar (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0210) 1999; 20 Pero (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0075) 2020; 13 Munawar Iqbal (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0175) 2011; 85 Munagala (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0060) 2021; 411 Xiang (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0090) 2020; 517 Diao (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0030) 2015; 352 Yang (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0105) 2020; 27 Arvieu (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0195) 2004; 368 Nam (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0215) 2010; 527 Exner (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0200) 1979; 243 Guan (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0035) 2021; 549 Gao (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0010) 2020; 5 Yang (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0130) 2017; 66 Tijo (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0055) 2018; 344 Chen (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0120) 2008; 202 Tan (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0165) 2020; 129 Cheng (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0005) 2012; 31 Weng (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0020) 2014; 58 Chai (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0085) 2020; 402 Farayibi (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0080) 2013; 28 Li (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0225) 2016; 77 Liu (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0110) 2015; 69 Deng (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0170) 2012; 522 Vreeling (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0095) 2002; 50 G (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0160) 2011; 21 Zhang (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0150) 2018; 85 Liu (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0155) 2014; 143 Liu (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0135) 2018; 47 Nino (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0205) 2019; 82 Xiong (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0140) 2009; 57 Smith (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0185) 2009 Li (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0025) 2012; 133 Lu (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0180) 2019; 369 Yang (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0045) 2021; 405 Li (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0115) 2009; 57 Dasha (10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0220) 2019; 45 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0070
References_xml	– volume: 484 start-page: 108 year: 2009 end-page: 112 ident: bb0100 article-title: Microstructure evolution of single crystal WC publication-title: J. Alloys Compd. – volume: 85 start-page: 184 year: 2018 end-page: 192 ident: bb0150 article-title: Suppression of shrinkage porosity in laser-joining of CFRP and steel using a laser surface modification process “Surfi-Sculpt ®” publication-title: Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. – volume: 32 start-page: 1395 year: 2016 end-page: 1402 ident: bb0015 article-title: Study on laser-alloyed self-lubricating anti-wear composite coating after ageing treatment publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol. – volume: 243 start-page: 149 year: 1979 end-page: 173 ident: bb0200 article-title: Physical and chemical nature of cemented carbides publication-title: Int. Mater. Rev. – volume: 202 start-page: 4780 year: 2008 end-page: 4787 ident: bb0120 article-title: WC publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – year: 2009 ident: bb0185 article-title: Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering – volume: 402 year: 2020 ident: bb0085 article-title: Phase constitution, microstructure and properties of pulsed laser-clad ternary CrNiTi medium-entropy alloy coating on pure titanium publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 143 start-page: 616 year: 2014 end-page: 621 ident: bb0155 article-title: Effects of aging treatment on microstructure and tribological properties of nickel-based high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coatings by laser cladding publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys. – volume: 517 year: 2020 ident: bb0090 article-title: Microstructural characteristics and properties of CoCrFeNiNb publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci. – volume: 69 start-page: 180 year: 2015 end-page: 186 ident: bb0110 article-title: Interfacial reaction in cast WC particulate reinforced titanium metal matrix composites coating produced by laser processing publication-title: Opt. Laser Technol. – volume: 352 start-page: 163 year: 2015 end-page: 168 ident: bb0030 article-title: Microstructure and corrosion resistance of TC2 Ti alloy by laser cladding with Ti/TiC/TiB publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci. – volume: 21 start-page: 36 year: 2011 end-page: 39 ident: bb0160 article-title: Fine grained TiC-(Ti,W)C matrix ceramics prepared by combustion synthesis under high gravity publication-title: Powder Metall. Ind. – volume: 129 year: 2020 ident: bb0165 article-title: Effect of scanning speed on laser joining of carbon fiber reinforced PEEK to titanium alloy publication-title: Opt. Laser Technol. – volume: 85 start-page: 654 year: 2011 end-page: 656 ident: bb0175 article-title: Optimal welding parameters with 10 keV point source electron gun publication-title: Vacuum – volume: 28 start-page: 514 year: 2013 end-page: 518 ident: bb0080 article-title: Laser deposition of Ti-6Al-4V wire with WC powder for functionally graded components publication-title: Mater. Manuf. Process. – volume: 27 start-page: 228 year: 2020 end-page: 237 ident: bb0105 article-title: Microstructural evolution and abrasive resistance of WC7Co ceramic particle-reinforced Ti6Al4V composite coating prepared by pulse laser cladding publication-title: J. Iron Steel Res. Int. – volume: 369 start-page: 228 year: 2019 end-page: 237 ident: bb0180 article-title: Wear properties and microstructural analyses of Fe-based coatings with various WC contents on H13 die steel by laser cladding publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 329 start-page: 163 year: 2017 end-page: 173 ident: bb0050 article-title: TiC particle reinforced Ti-6Al-4V friction surfacing coatings publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 549 year: 2021 ident: bb0035 article-title: Microstructure and hardness of NbTiZr and NbTaTiZr refractory medium-entropy alloy coatings on Zr alloy by laser cladding publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci. – volume: 50 start-page: 4913 year: 2002 end-page: 4924 ident: bb0095 article-title: Ti–6Al–4V strengthened by laser melt injection of WC publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 31 start-page: 120 year: 2012 end-page: 126 ident: bb0005 article-title: High temperature tribological behavior of a Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb intermetallics publication-title: Intermetallics – reference: M.M. Xu, J.C. Tang, N. Ye, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-cladded WC-Co composite coatings on Ti-6Al-4V, Mater. Res. Express in press. doi: – volume: 5 start-page: 680 year: 2020 end-page: 693 ident: bb0010 article-title: Biofunctional magnesium coated Ti6Al4V scaffold enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo for orthopedic application publication-title: Bioact. Mater. – volume: 66 start-page: 83 year: 2017 end-page: 87 ident: bb0130 article-title: Microstructural changes of (Ti,W)C solid solution induced by ball milling publication-title: Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. – volume: 344 start-page: 579 year: 2018 end-page: 589 ident: bb0055 article-title: In-situ TiC-TiB publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 47 start-page: 3338 year: 2018 end-page: 3344 ident: bb0135 article-title: Surface microstructure and anti-wear of WC-CoCr coatings cladded by electron beam publication-title: Rare Metal Mater. Eng. – volume: 368 start-page: 116 year: 2004 end-page: 122 ident: bb0195 article-title: Interaction between titanium and carbon at moderate temperatures publication-title: J. Alloys Compd. – volume: 77 start-page: 134 year: 2016 end-page: 143 ident: bb0225 article-title: Microstructural study of MMC layers produced by combining wire and coaxial WC powder feeding in laser direct metal deposition publication-title: Opt. Laser Technol. – volume: 522 start-page: 167 year: 2012 end-page: 172 ident: bb0170 article-title: Research on finite element simulation and experiment of temperature field for surface cutting of nanostructured WC/12Co coatings publication-title: Key Eng. Mater. – volume: 133 start-page: 741 year: 2012 end-page: 745 ident: bb0025 article-title: Influence of Cu on microstructure and wear resistance of TiC/TiB/TiN reinforced composite coating fabricated by laser cladding publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys. – volume: 527 start-page: 7163 year: 2010 end-page: 7167 ident: bb0215 article-title: Microstructure of (W,Ti)C-Co system containing platelet WC publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A – volume: 62 start-page: 3947 year: 2008 end-page: 3950 ident: bb0125 article-title: Microstructure and abrasive wear study of (Ti,W)C-reinforced high-manganese austenitic steel matrix composite publication-title: Mater. Lett. – volume: 411 year: 2021 ident: bb0060 article-title: The role of metal powder properties on the tribology of cold sprayed Ti6Al4V-TiC metal matrix composites publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 14 start-page: 289 year: 1996 end-page: 295 ident: bb0065 article-title: Oxidation of WC-Co, WC-Ni and WC-Co-Ni hard metals in the temperature range 500–800 °C publication-title: Int. J. Refract. Met. HN – volume: 405 year: 2021 ident: bb0045 article-title: Strengthening mechanism and high-temperature properties of H13 + WC/ Y publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 95 start-page: 847 year: 2018 end-page: 860 ident: bb0145 article-title: Numerical modelling of pulsed and continuous wave direct laser deposition of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. – volume: 82 start-page: 167 year: 2019 end-page: 173 ident: bb0205 article-title: Effects of TaC and TiC addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Binderless WC publication-title: Int. J. Refract. Met. H – reference: . – volume: 58 start-page: 412 year: 2014 end-page: 425 ident: bb0020 article-title: Research status of laser cladding on titanium and its alloys: a review publication-title: Mater. Des. – volume: 20 start-page: 337 year: 1999 end-page: 343 ident: bb0210 article-title: The Ti-W-C (titanium-tungsten-carbon) system publication-title: J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. – volume: 385 year: 2020 ident: bb0190 article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of WC publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 397 year: 2020 ident: bb0040 article-title: Microstructural and tribological properties of induction cladded NiCrBSi/WC composite coatings publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – volume: 13 start-page: 2137 year: 2020 ident: bb0075 article-title: Nano-indentation properties of tungsten carbide-cobalt composites as a function of tungsten carbide crystal orientation publication-title: Materials – volume: 57 start-page: 5419 year: 2009 end-page: 5429 ident: bb0140 article-title: In situ thermal imaging and three-dimensional finite element modeling of tungsten carbide-cobalt during laser deposition publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 45 start-page: 4771 year: 2019 end-page: 4780 ident: bb0220 article-title: Tungsten carbide, titanium carbide composite preparation by arc plasma melting and its characterization publication-title: Ceram. Int. – volume: 57 start-page: 3606 year: 2009 end-page: 3614 ident: bb0115 article-title: Electron microscopy study of reaction layers between single-crystal WC particle and Ti–6Al–4V after laser melt injection publication-title: Acta Mater. – volume: 5 start-page: 680 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0010 article-title: Biofunctional magnesium coated Ti6Al4V scaffold enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo for orthopedic application publication-title: Bioact. Mater. – volume: 522 start-page: 167 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0170 article-title: Research on finite element simulation and experiment of temperature field for surface cutting of nanostructured WC/12Co coatings publication-title: Key Eng. Mater. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.522.167 – volume: 402 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0085 article-title: Phase constitution, microstructure and properties of pulsed laser-clad ternary CrNiTi medium-entropy alloy coating on pure titanium publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126503 – volume: 21 start-page: 36 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0160 article-title: Fine grained TiC-(Ti,W)C matrix ceramics prepared by combustion synthesis under high gravity publication-title: Powder Metall. Ind. – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0185 – volume: 69 start-page: 180 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0110 article-title: Interfacial reaction in cast WC particulate reinforced titanium metal matrix composites coating produced by laser processing publication-title: Opt. Laser Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.01.003 – volume: 133 start-page: 741 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0025 article-title: Influence of Cu on microstructure and wear resistance of TiC/TiB/TiN reinforced composite coating fabricated by laser cladding publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.01.082 – volume: 62 start-page: 3947 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0125 article-title: Microstructure and abrasive wear study of (Ti,W)C-reinforced high-manganese austenitic steel matrix composite publication-title: Mater. Lett. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.05.049 – volume: 368 start-page: 116 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0195 article-title: Interaction between titanium and carbon at moderate temperatures publication-title: J. Alloys Compd. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.08.051 – volume: 397 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0040 article-title: Microstructural and tribological properties of induction cladded NiCrBSi/WC composite coatings publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. – ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0070 doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab7403 – volume: 129 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0165 article-title: Effect of scanning speed on laser joining of carbon fiber reinforced PEEK to titanium alloy publication-title: Opt. Laser Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106273 – volume: 57 start-page: 3606 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0115 article-title: Electron microscopy study of reaction layers between single-crystal WC particle and Ti–6Al–4V after laser melt injection publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.021 – volume: 85 start-page: 654 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0175 article-title: Optimal welding parameters with 10 keV point source electron gun publication-title: Vacuum doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2010.08.027 – volume: 20 start-page: 337 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0210 article-title: The Ti-W-C (titanium-tungsten-carbon) system publication-title: J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. doi: 10.1361/105497199770335866 – volume: 243 start-page: 149 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0200 article-title: Physical and chemical nature of cemented carbides publication-title: Int. Mater. Rev. doi: 10.1179/095066079790136363 – volume: 344 start-page: 579 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0055 article-title: In-situ TiC-TiB2 coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding method: part-II. Mechanical performance publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.03.083 – volume: 411 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0060 article-title: The role of metal powder properties on the tribology of cold sprayed Ti6Al4V-TiC metal matrix composites publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126974 – volume: 202 start-page: 4780 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0120 article-title: WCp/Ti-6Al-4V graded metal matrix composites layer produced by laser melt injection publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.04.057 – volume: 143 start-page: 616 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0155 article-title: Effects of aging treatment on microstructure and tribological properties of nickel-based high-temperature self-lubrication wear resistant composite coatings by laser cladding publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.043 – volume: 47 start-page: 3338 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0135 article-title: Surface microstructure and anti-wear of WC-CoCr coatings cladded by electron beam publication-title: Rare Metal Mater. Eng. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30241-8 – volume: 95 start-page: 847 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0145 article-title: Numerical modelling of pulsed and continuous wave direct laser deposition of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. doi: 10.1007/s00170-017-1224-y – volume: 14 start-page: 289 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0065 article-title: Oxidation of WC-Co, WC-Ni and WC-Co-Ni hard metals in the temperature range 500–800 °C publication-title: Int. J. Refract. Met. HN doi: 10.1016/0263-4368(96)00009-1 – volume: 369 start-page: 228 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0180 article-title: Wear properties and microstructural analyses of Fe-based coatings with various WC contents on H13 die steel by laser cladding publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.04.063 – volume: 28 start-page: 514 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0080 article-title: Laser deposition of Ti-6Al-4V wire with WC powder for functionally graded components publication-title: Mater. Manuf. Process. doi: 10.1080/10426914.2012.718477 – volume: 352 start-page: 163 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0030 article-title: Microstructure and corrosion resistance of TC2 Ti alloy by laser cladding with Ti/TiC/TiB2 powders publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.030 – volume: 13 start-page: 2137 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0075 article-title: Nano-indentation properties of tungsten carbide-cobalt composites as a function of tungsten carbide crystal orientation publication-title: Materials doi: 10.3390/ma13092137 – volume: 50 start-page: 4913 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0095 article-title: Ti–6Al–4V strengthened by laser melt injection of WCp particles publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00366-X – volume: 31 start-page: 120 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0005 article-title: High temperature tribological behavior of a Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb intermetallics publication-title: Intermetallics doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.06.013 – volume: 82 start-page: 167 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0205 article-title: Effects of TaC and TiC addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Binderless WC publication-title: Int. J. Refract. Met. H doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.012 – volume: 32 start-page: 1395 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0015 article-title: Study on laser-alloyed self-lubricating anti-wear composite coating after ageing treatment publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1080/02670836.2015.1126906 – volume: 549 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0035 article-title: Microstructure and hardness of NbTiZr and NbTaTiZr refractory medium-entropy alloy coatings on Zr alloy by laser cladding publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.149338 – volume: 329 start-page: 163 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0050 article-title: TiC particle reinforced Ti-6Al-4V friction surfacing coatings publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.09.050 – volume: 57 start-page: 5419 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0140 article-title: In situ thermal imaging and three-dimensional finite element modeling of tungsten carbide-cobalt during laser deposition publication-title: Acta Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.038 – volume: 484 start-page: 108 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0100 article-title: Microstructure evolution of single crystal WCp reinforced Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix composites produced at different cooling rates publication-title: J. Alloys Compd. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.057 – volume: 66 start-page: 83 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0130 article-title: Microstructural changes of (Ti,W)C solid solution induced by ball milling publication-title: Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.03.008 – volume: 58 start-page: 412 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0020 article-title: Research status of laser cladding on titanium and its alloys: a review publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.077 – volume: 527 start-page: 7163 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0215 article-title: Microstructure of (W,Ti)C-Co system containing platelet WC publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.06.056 – volume: 45 start-page: 4771 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0220 article-title: Tungsten carbide, titanium carbide composite preparation by arc plasma melting and its characterization publication-title: Ceram. Int. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.11.170 – volume: 77 start-page: 134 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0225 article-title: Microstructural study of MMC layers produced by combining wire and coaxial WC powder feeding in laser direct metal deposition publication-title: Opt. Laser Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.09.018 – volume: 405 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0045 article-title: Strengthening mechanism and high-temperature properties of H13 + WC/ Y2O3 laser-cladding coatings publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126544 – volume: 27 start-page: 228 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0105 article-title: Microstructural evolution and abrasive resistance of WC7Co ceramic particle-reinforced Ti6Al4V composite coating prepared by pulse laser cladding publication-title: J. Iron Steel Res. Int. doi: 10.1007/s42243-019-00359-y – volume: 517 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0090 article-title: Microstructural characteristics and properties of CoCrFeNiNbx high-entropy alloy coatings on pure titanium substrate by pulsed laser cladding publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146214 – volume: 85 start-page: 184 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0150 article-title: Suppression of shrinkage porosity in laser-joining of CFRP and steel using a laser surface modification process “Surfi-Sculpt ®” publication-title: Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.06.013 – volume: 385 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493_bb0190 article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of WCP/Ti-6Al-4V composite coatings by laser melt injection and laser-induction hybrid melt injection publication-title: Surf. Coat. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125371
SSID	ssj0001794 ssib006544247 ssib006544246
Score	2.4213326
Snippet	In this study, WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coatings were fabricated under varying cladding voltages via electron beam cladding technology. The microstructure,...
SourceID	proquest crossref nii elsevier
SourceType	Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher
StartPage	127493
SubjectTerms	Abrasive wear Adhesive wear Atoms & subatomic particles Cladding Coatings Computer simulation Diffusion Electron beam cladding Electron beams Finite element method Mechanical properties Microhardness Microstructure Temperature distribution Temperature field simulation Titanium base alloys Titanium carbide Tungsten carbide WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V Wear performance
Title	Microstructure characterization and wear performance of WC-10Co/Ti-6Al-4V coating fabricated via electron beam cladding
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127493 https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1870865118176712448 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2573518616
Volume	422
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000685607200023&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-3347 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001794 issn: 0257-8972 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3NjxIxFG9Y1kQ9GF3diO6aHtwTKcswX-2RsBA1iB7YXTxNOp02GYIDCwj7J_ln-jptgf3Q1YOXCSnpTIf349f3Xt8HQu8D4HwwfELSzGJOAhkIwmkkiYilkpmMVJqVXUv68WBARyP2tVL56XJhVpO4KOj1NZv9V1HDGAhbp87-g7g3N4UB-AxChyuIHa5_JfjPOsTOlIXVhwNiU5HZJFyWpwXrssL1Ts4AqIyXHSDLzlRXE8lJ1J6Q4KIuprwMi1Y8LdsJgXa6ynnd9c6pp5J_r4uJDkqyO-DYJZjMFReyBJa9yaK-vOPG79jckG98LfOtb9_wz5m8PXIpi6t8G0OU_yjnTu2jre-i5elAC5PnbBxqm6Saix3aAxIhlJmGPg1paJnGjPi-qc3peDswCc2Web179wPjmhjDRjRX-m0behUND0xx05fxZgHuwZekd97vJ8PuaHji92ZXRHcn06f4J_6ZQcoe2m_FIaNVtN_-2B192uz6mthKf55d_U42-v2P_50itFfk-R3FoNR2hs_RM2um4LaB1wtUkcUBetxx3QEP0NOdQpYv0fom6PBt0GEAHdagwzugw1OFLehON5DDFi14CzkMkMMOclhDDjvIvULnve6w84HYlh5EgF6-JKHwPR84QLFIgqEN6qRoydiXImWtUIVMtaJMZGB0yMBrUtVkgvNUBJxmXqxUM_MPUbWYFvK1jsnLuGKURsApATALbDwskH6QqjQOZMhqKHS_byJsvXvddmWSuMDGceLkkmi5JEYuNXS6mTczFV8enMGc-BKrtxp9NAEYPjj3GOQNC9RXgHmTRtrm9-Io1po3raEjh4TEkswiAYz5oUcjL3rz56_foifbv90RqgIM5DF6JFbLfDF_ZyH8CzqczP4
linkProvider	Elsevier
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Microstructure+characterization+and+wear+performance+of+WC-10Co%2FTi-6Al-4V+coating+fabricated+via+electron+beam+cladding&rft.jtitle=Surface+%26+coatings+technology&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yawei&rft.au=Wang%2C+De&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wenqin&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yong&rft.date=2021-09-25&rft.pub=Elsevier+BV&rft.issn=0257-8972&rft.eissn=1879-3347&rft.volume=422&rft.spage=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.surfcoat.2021.127493&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0257-8972&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0257-8972&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0257-8972&client=summon