Multi-elemental ionic liquid-based solvent bar micro-extraction of priority and emerging trace metallic pollutants (Cd, Ag, Pd) in natural waters
•Cyphos® 101 solvent bar efficiently extracts Ag, Cd and Pd from saline samples.•Leaching lower than 0.1% was controlled by the use of solvent bar configuration.•Speciation of Ag, Cd and Pd is a key factor for extraction with Cyphos® 101. Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low co...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of hazardous materials Jg. 370; S. 63 - 69 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Elsevier B.V
15.05.2019
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| ISSN: | 0304-3894, 1873-3336, 1873-3336 |
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| Abstract | •Cyphos® 101 solvent bar efficiently extracts Ag, Cd and Pd from saline samples.•Leaching lower than 0.1% was controlled by the use of solvent bar configuration.•Speciation of Ag, Cd and Pd is a key factor for extraction with Cyphos® 101.
Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93–95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples. |
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| AbstractList | Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93-95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples. •Cyphos® 101 solvent bar efficiently extracts Ag, Cd and Pd from saline samples.•Leaching lower than 0.1% was controlled by the use of solvent bar configuration.•Speciation of Ag, Cd and Pd is a key factor for extraction with Cyphos® 101. Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93–95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples. Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93-95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples.Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93-95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples. |
| Author | López-López, José A. Moreno, Carlos Herce-Sesa, Belén |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2020_114848 crossref_primary_10_3390_membranes11110863 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2020_121415 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00216_024_05655_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10973_021_11174_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hydromet_2020_105488 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhazmat_2020_122403 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2020_142646 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2024_111537 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psep_2022_09_036 crossref_primary_10_3390_membranes10100275 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2021_106057 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2022_108200 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10973_022_11488_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_watres_2019_03_055 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aca_2023_341846 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtice_2021_04_056 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2024_112370 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_trac_2021_116398 |
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| Keywords | Cadmium Silver Hyper-saline waters Palladium Solvent bars Liquid microextraction Cyphos® 101 Seawater Ionic liquid |
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| Snippet | •Cyphos® 101 solvent bar efficiently extracts Ag, Cd and Pd from saline samples.•Leaching lower than 0.1% was controlled by the use of solvent bar... Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants.... |
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| SubjectTerms | atomic absorption spectrometry Cadmium Cyphos® 101 energy Hyper-saline waters Ionic liquid ionic liquids leaching Liquid microextraction liquid-phase microextraction mixing Palladium pollutants Seawater Silver Solvent bars toxicity wastewater |
| Title | Multi-elemental ionic liquid-based solvent bar micro-extraction of priority and emerging trace metallic pollutants (Cd, Ag, Pd) in natural waters |
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