Temporal and Spatial Effects on the Diet of an Estuarine Piscivore, Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the USA and comprises vast areas of polyhaline to freshwater, tidal fish habitat. The Bay experiences large temperature differences between winter and summer, which in combination with the variety of salinities enables approximately 240 species of fish to be...

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Published in:	Estuaries and coasts Vol. 36; no. 6; pp. 1292 - 1303
Main Authors:	McGrath, Patrick E., Hilton, Eric J., Musick, John A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer Science+Business Media 01.11.2013 Springer US Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	anadromous fish Animal and plant ecology Animal populations Animal, plant and microbial ecology Autoecology Biological and medical sciences Brackish Brackish water ecosystems Brevoortia tyrannus Chesapeake Bay Coastal Sciences Diet Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Environment Environmental Management Estuaries Fish Freshwater & Marine Ecology Freshwater fish Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundulus General aspects habitats Lepisosteus Lepisosteus osseus Marine fish Micropogonias Micropogonias undulatus Morone americana Predation Predators Prey rivers Salinity Spawning summer Synecology Tidal rivers Virginia Water and Health Water temperature winter ANW, USA, Virginia ANW, USA, Chesapeake Bay Virginia Chesapeake Bay Prey Temperature Anadromous Lepisosteidae Seasonality Salinity Estuaries Brackish water environment Piscivorous Diet Feeding
ISSN:	1559-2723, 1559-2731
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Abstract	Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the USA and comprises vast areas of polyhaline to freshwater, tidal fish habitat. The Bay experiences large temperature differences between winter and summer, which in combination with the variety of salinities enables approximately 240 species of fish to be temporary inhabitants. This dynamic environment leads to an ever-changing prey field for predators. The goal of this study was to characterize the diet of one of the few resident, euryhaline predators within the tidal rivers in Virginia, Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar). The top five prey species were Morone americana, Brevoortia tyrannus, Fundulus spp., Micropogonias undulatus, and Leiostomous xanthurus. The diet composition varied with the seasonal fish assemblages, length of L. osseus, water temperature, and salinity. L. osseus consumed a greater amount of marine and anadromous fishes (%W=59.4 % and %N=56.5 %) than resident fishes (%W=40.6 % and %N=43.5 %). The seasonal influx of anadromous or coastal spawning fishes appears to be an important prey source for L. osseus and most likely other piscivores in the tributaries of Chesapeake Bay.
AbstractList	Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the USA and comprises vast areas of polyhaline to freshwater, tidal fish habitat. The Bay experiences large temperature differences between winter and summer, which in combination with the variety of salinities enables approximately 240 species of fish to be temporary inhabitants. This dynamic environment leads to an ever-changing prey field for predators. The goal of this study was to characterize the diet of one of the few resident, euryhaline predators within the tidal rivers in Virginia, Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar). The top five prey species were Morone americana, Brevoortia tyrannus, Fundulus spp., Micropogonias undulatus, and Leiostomous xanthurus. The diet composition varied with the seasonal fish assemblages, length of L. osseus, water temperature, and salinity. L. osseus consumed a greater amount of marine and anadromous fishes (%W=59.4 % and %N=56.5 %) than resident fishes (%W=40.6 % and %N=43.5 %). The seasonal influx of anadromous or coastal spawning fishes appears to be an important prey source for L. osseus and most likely other piscivores in the tributaries of Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the USA and comprises vast areas of polyhaline to freshwater, tidal fish habitat. The Bay experiences large temperature differences between winter and summer, which in combination with the variety of salinities enables approximately 240 species of fish to be temporary inhabitants. This dynamic environment leads to an ever-changing prey field for predators. The goal of this study was to characterize the diet of one of the few resident, euryhaline predators within the tidal rivers in Virginia, Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar). The top five prey species were Morone americana, Brevoortia tyrannus, Fundulus spp., Micropogonias undulatus, and Leiostomous xanthurus. The diet composition varied with the seasonal fish assemblages, length of L. osseus, water temperature, and salinity. L. osseus consumed a greater amount of marine and anadromous fishes (%W=59.4 % and %N=56.5 %) than resident fishes (%W=40.6 % and %N=43.5 %). The seasonal influx of anadromous or coastal spawning fishes appears to be an important prey source for L. osseus and most likely other piscivores in the tributaries of Chesapeake Bay.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the USA and comprises vast areas of polyhaline to freshwater, tidal fish habitat. The Bay experiences large temperature differences between winter and summer, which in combination with the variety of salinities enables approximately 240 species of fish to be temporary inhabitants. This dynamic environment leads to an ever-changing prey field for predators. The goal of this study was to characterize the diet of one of the few resident, euryhaline predators within the tidal rivers in Virginia, Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar). The top five prey species were Morone americana , Brevoortia tyrannus , Fundulus spp., Micropogonias undulatus , and Leiostomous xanthurus . The diet composition varied with the seasonal fish assemblages, length of L. osseus , water temperature, and salinity. L. osseus consumed a greater amount of marine and anadromous fishes (% W = 59.4 % and % N = 56.5 %) than resident fishes (% W = 40.6 % and % N = 43.5 %). The seasonal influx of anadromous or coastal spawning fishes appears to be an important prey source for L. osseus and most likely other piscivores in the tributaries of Chesapeake Bay.
Author	Musick, John A. Hilton, Eric J. McGrath, Patrick E.
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Cites_doi	10.1080/00028487.2011.618364 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0633:TICAMO]2.0.CO;2 10.1007/978-1-4612-1288-1 10.1007/s12237-012-9512-0 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0956:ASPFIS>2.0.CO;2 10.2307/1938672 10.1002/jmor.1051630305 10.1577/1548-8659(1972)101<106:AOTELH>2.0.CO;2 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2007.00265.x 10.2307/1351174 10.2307/1352121 10.1577/T07-261.1 10.1139/f98-041 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.03.007 10.2307/3834 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00366.x 10.2307/1445046 10.1016/S0022-0981(03)00260-0 10.2307/1437846 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0765:FHGATP>2.3.CO;2 10.1656/058.011.0302 10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00064-8 10.1007/s002270000421 10.2960/J.v30.a1 10.1111/j.1600-0633.1996.tb00041.x 10.3354/meps291301 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0085:FOAAAB>2.3.CO;2 10.1002/jmor.10293 10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0520:TRPDAG>2.3.CO;2 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01596.x 10.2112/1551-5036-57.sp1.99 10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00371.x 10.2307/1352732 10.1139/f88-053 10.1139/f89-111 10.56021/9781421407685
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Keywords	Prey Temperature Anadromous Lepisosteidae Seasonality Salinity Estuaries Brackish water environment Piscivorous Diet Feeding
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nursery-role hypothesis to an estuarine fish publication-title: Marine Ecology Progress Series doi: 10.3354/meps291301 – volume: 64 start-page: 5 year: 2005 end-page: 17 ident: CR1 article-title: 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.00 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.00" TargetType="DOI"/> doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.02.002 2 10 publication-title: Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science – volume: 122 start-page: 85 year: 1993 end-page: 98 ident: CR24 article-title: Fecundity of anadromous alewives and blueback herring in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia publication-title: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0085:FOAAAB>2.3.CO;2 – volume: 267 start-page: 1017 year: 2006 end-page: 1031 ident: CR26 article-title: Comparative and developmental functional morphology of the jaws of living and fossil gars (Actinopterygii: Lepisosteidae) publication-title: Journal of Morphology doi: 10.1002/jmor.10293 – volume: 95 start-page: 296 year: 1967 end-page: 300 ident: CR13 article-title: 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SubjectTerms	anadromous fish Animal and plant ecology Animal populations Animal, plant and microbial ecology Autoecology Biological and medical sciences Brackish Brackish water ecosystems Brevoortia tyrannus Chesapeake Bay Coastal Sciences Diet Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Environment Environmental Management Estuaries Fish Freshwater & Marine Ecology Freshwater fish Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fundulus General aspects habitats Lepisosteus Lepisosteus osseus Marine fish Micropogonias Micropogonias undulatus Morone americana Predation Predators Prey rivers Salinity Spawning summer Synecology Tidal rivers Virginia Water and Health Water temperature winter
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Title	Temporal and Spatial Effects on the Diet of an Estuarine Piscivore, Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
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