Circular polarization biomicroscopy: a method for determining human corneal stromal lamellar organization in vivo

The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation‐sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A met...

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Vydané v:	Ophthalmic & physiological optics Ročník 27; číslo 3; s. 256 - 264
Hlavný autor:	Misson, Gary P.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2007 Blackwell
Predmet:	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences biomicroscopy circular polarized light Collagen - ultrastructure collagen lamellae cornea Cornea - physiology Corneal Stroma - ultrastructure corneal stromal structure Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Microscopy, Polarization - methods Middle Aged Models, Biological Mueller matrices Ocular Physiological Phenomena Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Biomicroscopy Human Polarization Cornea Organization corneal stromal structure Stroma Method Polarized light In vivo Mueller matrices collagen lamellae Collagen Ophthalmology Structure circular polarized light
ISSN:	0275-5408, 1475-1313
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Abstract	The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation‐sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A method of biomicroscopy using circular polarized light is described and tested in a physical model. The method is then used to investigate the lamellar structure of human corneas in vivo in pairs of eyes of 38 subjects. An approximate confocal elliptic/hyperbolic distribution of stromal fibrils, presumed to be collagen, is clearly identified within central and intermediate areas of the cornea. All subjects tested demonstrate approximate mirror symmetry between pairs of eyes typically with a preferred orientation of central fibrils at approximately 15° to the horizontal in a superotemporal–inferonasal direction.
AbstractList	The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation-sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A method of biomicroscopy using circular polarized light is described and tested in a physical model. The method is then used to investigate the lamellar structure of human corneas in vivo in pairs of eyes of 38 subjects. An approximate confocal elliptic/hyperbolic distribution of stromal fibrils, presumed to be collagen, is clearly identified within central and intermediate areas of the cornea. All subjects tested demonstrate approximate mirror symmetry between pairs of eyes typically with a preferred orientation of central fibrils at approximately 15 degrees to the horizontal in a superotemporal-inferonasal direction. The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation‐sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A method of biomicroscopy using circular polarized light is described and tested in a physical model. The method is then used to investigate the lamellar structure of human corneas in vivo in pairs of eyes of 38 subjects. An approximate confocal elliptic/hyperbolic distribution of stromal fibrils, presumed to be collagen, is clearly identified within central and intermediate areas of the cornea. All subjects tested demonstrate approximate mirror symmetry between pairs of eyes typically with a preferred orientation of central fibrils at approximately 15° to the horizontal in a superotemporal–inferonasal direction. The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation-sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A method of biomicroscopy using circular polarized light is described and tested in a physical model. The method is then used to investigate the lamellar structure of human corneas in vivo in pairs of eyes of 38 subjects. An approximate confocal elliptic/hyperbolic distribution of stromal fibrils, presumed to be collagen, is clearly identified within central and intermediate areas of the cornea. All subjects tested demonstrate approximate mirror symmetry between pairs of eyes typically with a preferred orientation of central fibrils at approximately 15 degrees to the horizontal in a superotemporal-inferonasal direction.The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation-sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A method of biomicroscopy using circular polarized light is described and tested in a physical model. The method is then used to investigate the lamellar structure of human corneas in vivo in pairs of eyes of 38 subjects. An approximate confocal elliptic/hyperbolic distribution of stromal fibrils, presumed to be collagen, is clearly identified within central and intermediate areas of the cornea. All subjects tested demonstrate approximate mirror symmetry between pairs of eyes typically with a preferred orientation of central fibrils at approximately 15 degrees to the horizontal in a superotemporal-inferonasal direction. The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to simultaneously detect birefringent elements at any orientation unlike orientation‐sensitive techniques using linear polarized light alone. A method of biomicroscopy using circular polarized light is described and tested in a physical model. The method is then used to investigate the lamellar structure of human corneas in vivo in pairs of eyes of 38 subjects. An approximate confocal elliptic/hyperbolic distribution of stromal fibrils, presumed to be collagen, is clearly identified within central and intermediate areas of the cornea. All subjects tested demonstrate approximate mirror symmetry between pairs of eyes typically with a preferred orientation of central fibrils at approximately 15° to the horizontal in a superotemporal–inferonasal direction.
Author	Misson, Gary P.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Gary P. surname: Misson fullname: Misson, Gary P. organization: Department of Ophthalmology, Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire NHS Trust, Lakin Road, Warwick, CV34 5BW, and Optical Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Cites_doi	10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75673-7 10.1001/archopht.120.7.901 10.1002/jemt.20373 10.1038/250163a0 10.1364/JOSAA.2.000072 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002103 10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00353-6 10.1167/iovs.04-1520 10.3109/02713688709034853 10.1136/bjo.34.4.201 10.1016/j.aanat.2006.02.006 10.1364/JOSAA.4.000082 10.1007/BF01856375 10.1016/j.exer.2003.07.003 10.4159/harvard.9780674424135 10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00138.x 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77695-7 10.1016/j.jcrs.2006.08.027
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Keywords	Biomicroscopy Human Polarization Cornea Organization corneal stromal structure Stroma Method Polarized light In vivo Mueller matrices collagen lamellae Collagen Ophthalmology Structure circular polarized light
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References_xml	– reference: Shute, C. C. (1974) Haidinger's brushes and predominant orientation of collagen in corneal stroma. Nature, 250, 163-164. – reference: Hunter, D. G., Sandruck, J. C., Sau, S., Patel, S. N. and Guyton, D. L. (1999) Mathematical modeling of retinal birefringence scanning. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 16, 2103-2111. – reference: Kokott, W. (1938) Uber mechanisch-funktionelle Strukturen des Auges. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch. Ophthalmol., 138, 424-485. – reference: Shurcliff, W. A. (1962) Polarized Light: Production and Use. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. – reference: Meek, K. M. and Boote, C. (2004) The organization of collagen in the corneal stroma. Exp. Eye Res., 78, 503-512. – reference: Rasband, W. S. (19972006) ImageJ. U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. – reference: Knighton, R. W., Huang, X. R. and Greenfield, D. S. (2002) Analytical model of scanning laser polarimetry for retinal nerve fiber layer assessment. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 43, 383-392. – reference: Stokes, G. G. (1852) On the composition and resolution of streams of polarized light from different sources. Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 9, 399-416. – reference: Morishige, N., Petroll, W. M., Nishida, T., Kenney, M. C. and Jester, J. V. (2006) Noninvasive corneal stromal collagen imaging using two-photon-generated second-harmonic signals. J. Cataract Refract. Surg., 32, 1784-1791. – reference: Newton, R. H. and Meek, K. M. (1998b) The integration of the corneal and limbal fibrils in the human eye. Biophys. J., 75, 2508-2512. – reference: Lo, W., Teng, S.-W., Tan, H.-Y., Kim, K. H., Chen, H.-C., Lee, H.-S., Chen, Y.-F., So, P. T. C. and Dong, C.-Y. (2006) Intact corneal stroma visualization of GFP mouse revealed by multiphoton imaging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 69, 973-975. – reference: Newton, R. H. and Meek, K. M. (1998a) Circumcorneal annulus of collagen fibrils in the human limbus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 39, 1125-1134. – reference: Collett, E. 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Snippet	The theory of polarization biomicroscopy is explored using Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices. It is established that circular polarization can be used to...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences biomicroscopy circular polarized light Collagen - ultrastructure collagen lamellae cornea Cornea - physiology Corneal Stroma - ultrastructure corneal stromal structure Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Male Microscopy, Polarization - methods Middle Aged Models, Biological Mueller matrices Ocular Physiological Phenomena Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Title	Circular polarization biomicroscopy: a method for determining human corneal stromal lamellar organization in vivo
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