Turbulent stress measurements with phase-contrast magnetic resonance through tilted slices

Aiming at turbulent measurements in opaque suspensions, a simplistic methodology for measuring the turbulent stresses with phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry is described. The method relies on flow-compensated and flow-encoding protocols with the flow encoding gradient normal to the slice...

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Vydáno v:	Experiments in fluids Ročník 58; číslo 5; s. 1 - 12
Hlavní autoři:	MacKenzie, Jordan, Söderberg, Daniel, Swerin, Agne, Lundell, Fredrik
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2017 Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Data treatment Direct numerical simulation Encoding (symbols) Engineering Engineering Fluid Dynamics Engineering Thermodynamics Fluid- and Aerodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer Internet protocols Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance imaging On flow Phase-contrast magnetic resonances Research Article Reynolds shear stress Shear flow Shear stress Spatial averaging Stream-wise velocities Stress measurement Turbulence Turbulent measurements Turbulent stress Velocimetry Turbulent Stress Covariance Component Particle Image Velocimetry Direct Numerical Simulation Direct Numerical Simulation Data
ISSN:	0723-4864, 1432-1114, 1432-1114
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Abstract	Aiming at turbulent measurements in opaque suspensions, a simplistic methodology for measuring the turbulent stresses with phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry is described. The method relies on flow-compensated and flow-encoding protocols with the flow encoding gradient normal to the slice. The experimental data is compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS), both directly but also, more importantly, after spatial averaging of the DNS data that resembles the measurement and data treatment of the experimental data. The results show that the most important MRI data (streamwise velocity, streamwise variance and Reynolds shear stress) is reliable up to at least r ¯ = 0.75 without any correction, paving the way for dearly needed turbulence and stress measurements in opaque suspensions.
AbstractList	Aiming at turbulent measurements in opaque suspensions, a simplistic methodology for measuring the turbulent stresses with phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry is described. The method relies on flow-compensated and flow-encoding protocols with the flow encoding gradient normal to the slice. The experimental data is compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS), both directly but also, more importantly, after spatial averaging of the DNS data that resembles the measurement and data treatment of the experimental data. The results show that the most important MRI data (streamwise velocity, streamwise variance and Reynolds shear stress) is reliable up to at least r&#x00AF;=0.75'>r¯=0.75r¯=0.75 without any correction, paving the way for dearly needed turbulence and stress measurements in opaque suspensions. Aiming at turbulent measurements in opaque suspensions, a simplistic methodology for measuring the turbulent stresses with phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry is described. The method relies on flow-compensated and flow-encoding protocols with the flow encoding gradient normal to the slice. The experimental data is compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS), both directly but also, more importantly, after spatial averaging of the DNS data that resembles the measurement and data treatment of the experimental data. The results show that the most important MRI data (streamwise velocity, streamwise variance and Reynolds shear stress) is reliable up to at least r&#x00AF;=0.75" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; line-height: normal; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">r¯=0.75r¯=0.75 without any correction, paving the way for dearly needed turbulence and stress measurements in opaque suspensions. Aiming at turbulent measurements in opaque suspensions, a simplistic methodology for measuring the turbulent stresses with phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry is described. The method relies on flow-compensated and flow-encoding protocols with the flow encoding gradient normal to the slice. The experimental data is compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS), both directly but also, more importantly, after spatial averaging of the DNS data that resembles the measurement and data treatment of the experimental data. The results show that the most important MRI data (streamwise velocity, streamwise variance and Reynolds shear stress) is reliable up to at least r ¯ = 0.75 without any correction, paving the way for dearly needed turbulence and stress measurements in opaque suspensions. Aiming at turbulent measurements in opaque suspensions, a simplistic methodology for measuring the turbulent stresses with phase-contrast magnetic resonance velocimetry is described. The method relies on flow-compensated and flow-encoding protocols with the flow encoding gradient normal to the slice. The experimental data is compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS), both directly but also, more importantly, after spatial averaging of the DNS data that resembles the measurement and data treatment of the experimental data. The results show that the most important MRI data (streamwise velocity, streamwise variance and Reynolds shear stress) is reliable up to at least r ¯ = 0.75 without any correction, paving the way for dearly needed turbulence and stress measurements in opaque suspensions.
ArticleNumber	51
Author	Söderberg, Daniel Swerin, Agne MacKenzie, Jordan Lundell, Fredrik
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jordan orcidid: 0000-0001-8172-6126 surname: MacKenzie fullname: MacKenzie, Jordan email: jmac@mech.kth.se organization: Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics – sequence: 2 givenname: Daniel surname: Söderberg fullname: Söderberg, Daniel organization: Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics – sequence: 3 givenname: Agne surname: Swerin fullname: Swerin, Agne organization: SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden-Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Surface and Corrosion Science – sequence: 4 givenname: Fredrik surname: Lundell fullname: Lundell, Fredrik organization: Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics
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Cites_doi	10.1007/s10494-007-9126-y 10.1007/s00348-008-0559-4 10.1017/S0022112098001542 10.1118/1.596645 10.1103/PhysRevA.40.4542 10.1007/s10494-013-9482-8 10.1007/s00348-002-0551-3 10.1680/ijoti.1939.13150 10.1063/1.1695690 10.1002/cjce.21989 10.1006/jmra.1996.0182 10.1007/s10494-006-9035-5 10.1063/1.2131871 10.1016/0370-1573(90)90046-5 10.1063/1.4922612 10.1002/mrm.21022 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.266 10.1006/jmre.2000.2033 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.01.011 10.1103/PhysRev.70.460 10.1006/jmra.1996.0160 10.1016/0009-2509(94)00129-4 10.1016/0730-725X(94)92033-8 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.154503
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SubjectTerms	Data treatment Direct numerical simulation Encoding (symbols) Engineering Engineering Fluid Dynamics Engineering Thermodynamics Fluid- and Aerodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer Internet protocols Magnetic resonance Magnetic resonance imaging On flow Phase-contrast magnetic resonances Research Article Reynolds shear stress Shear flow Shear stress Spatial averaging Stream-wise velocities Stress measurement Turbulence Turbulent measurements Turbulent stress Velocimetry
Title	Turbulent stress measurements with phase-contrast magnetic resonance through tilted slices
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