Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness: A Population-based Assessment
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB). Population-based diagnostic accuracy study. A total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmi...
Saved in:
| Published in: | American journal of ophthalmology Vol. 213; pp. 235 - 243 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.05.2020
Elsevier Limited |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0002-9394, 1879-1891, 1879-1891 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).
Population-based diagnostic accuracy study.
A total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmic examination according to the RAAB protocol and then were reexamined with instruments in a mobile eye clinic set up in a village center on the same day. Examination in the mobile clinic included standardized visual acuity (VA) tests using logMAR charts, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundal examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Blindness and economic blindness were defined as VA in the better-seeing eye <3/60 and <6/60, respectively. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as VA <6/18 in the better eye. The primary cause of blindness and VI was defined according to the cause of VI in the participant's better eye. Main Outcome Measures: The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics of RAAB for detection of blindness and the principal causes of VI.
A total of 1816 subjects (84.7%), including 686 men (37.8%) and 1130 women (62.2%), underwent ophthalmic examination in the mobile eye clinic. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 64.4 ± 9.6 years. The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR of RAAB were 90.3%, 99.3%, 0.948, 124.0, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of blindness (presenting visual acuity, PVA <3/60); 89.5%, 98.7%, 0.940, 69.2, and 0.11, respectively, for detection of economic blindness (PVA <6/60); and 90.3%, 97.7%, 0.940, 38.7, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of VI (PVA <6/18). The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR were 90.5%, 98.1%, 0.943, 48.1, and 0.10; and 60.4%, 98.7%, 0.796, 46.4, and 0.40 for detection of VI (PVA <6/18) owing to cataract and refractive error, respectively.
The diagnostic performances of RAAB were high for detecting the prevalence of blindness, VI, and VI owing to cataract. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).
Population-based diagnostic accuracy study.
A total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmic examination according to the RAAB protocol and then were reexamined with instruments in a mobile eye clinic set up in a village center on the same day. Examination in the mobile clinic included standardized visual acuity (VA) tests using logMAR charts, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundal examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Blindness and economic blindness were defined as VA in the better-seeing eye <3/60 and <6/60, respectively. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as VA <6/18 in the better eye. The primary cause of blindness and VI was defined according to the cause of VI in the participant's better eye. Main Outcome Measures: The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics of RAAB for detection of blindness and the principal causes of VI.
A total of 1816 subjects (84.7%), including 686 men (37.8%) and 1130 women (62.2%), underwent ophthalmic examination in the mobile eye clinic. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 64.4 ± 9.6 years. The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR of RAAB were 90.3%, 99.3%, 0.948, 124.0, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of blindness (presenting visual acuity, PVA <3/60); 89.5%, 98.7%, 0.940, 69.2, and 0.11, respectively, for detection of economic blindness (PVA <6/60); and 90.3%, 97.7%, 0.940, 38.7, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of VI (PVA <6/18). The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR were 90.5%, 98.1%, 0.943, 48.1, and 0.10; and 60.4%, 98.7%, 0.796, 46.4, and 0.40 for detection of VI (PVA <6/18) owing to cataract and refractive error, respectively.
The diagnostic performances of RAAB were high for detecting the prevalence of blindness, VI, and VI owing to cataract. ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).DesignPopulation-based diagnostic accuracy study.MethodsA total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmic examination according to the RAAB protocol and then were reexamined with instruments in a mobile eye clinic set up in a village center on the same day. Examination in the mobile clinic included standardized visual acuity (VA) tests using logMAR charts, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundal examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Blindness and economic blindness were defined as VA in the better-seeing eye <3/60 and <6/60, respectively. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as VA <6/18 in the better eye. The primary cause of blindness and VI was defined according to the cause of VI in the participant's better eye. Main Outcome Measures: The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics of RAAB for detection of blindness and the principal causes of VI.ResultsA total of 1816 subjects (84.7%), including 686 men (37.8%) and 1130 women (62.2%), underwent ophthalmic examination in the mobile eye clinic. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 64.4 ± 9.6 years. The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR of RAAB were 90.3%, 99.3%, 0.948, 124.0, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of blindness (presenting visual acuity, PVA <3/60); 89.5%, 98.7%, 0.940, 69.2, and 0.11, respectively, for detection of economic blindness (PVA <6/60); and 90.3%, 97.7%, 0.940, 38.7, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of VI (PVA <6/18). The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR were 90.5%, 98.1%, 0.943, 48.1, and 0.10; and 60.4%, 98.7%, 0.796, 46.4, and 0.40 for detection of VI (PVA <6/18) owing to cataract and refractive error, respectively.ConclusionThe diagnostic performances of RAAB were high for detecting the prevalence of blindness, VI, and VI owing to cataract. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB). Population-based diagnostic accuracy study. A total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmic examination according to the RAAB protocol and then were reexamined with instruments in a mobile eye clinic set up in a village center on the same day. Examination in the mobile clinic included standardized visual acuity (VA) tests using logMAR charts, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundal examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Blindness and economic blindness were defined as VA in the better-seeing eye <3/60 and <6/60, respectively. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as VA <6/18 in the better eye. The primary cause of blindness and VI was defined according to the cause of VI in the participant's better eye. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics of RAAB for detection of blindness and the principal causes of VI. A total of 1816 subjects (84.7%), including 686 men (37.8%) and 1130 women (62.2%), underwent ophthalmic examination in the mobile eye clinic. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 64.4 ± 9.6 years. The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR of RAAB were 90.3%, 99.3%, 0.948, 124.0, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of blindness (presenting visual acuity, PVA <3/60); 89.5%, 98.7%, 0.940, 69.2, and 0.11, respectively, for detection of economic blindness (PVA <6/60); and 90.3%, 97.7%, 0.940, 38.7, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of VI (PVA <6/18). The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR were 90.5%, 98.1%, 0.943, 48.1, and 0.10; and 60.4%, 98.7%, 0.796, 46.4, and 0.40 for detection of VI (PVA <6/18) owing to cataract and refractive error, respectively. The diagnostic performances of RAAB were high for detecting the prevalence of blindness, VI, and VI owing to cataract. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).Population-based diagnostic accuracy study.DESIGNPopulation-based diagnostic accuracy study.A total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmic examination according to the RAAB protocol and then were reexamined with instruments in a mobile eye clinic set up in a village center on the same day. Examination in the mobile clinic included standardized visual acuity (VA) tests using logMAR charts, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundal examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Blindness and economic blindness were defined as VA in the better-seeing eye <3/60 and <6/60, respectively. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as VA <6/18 in the better eye. The primary cause of blindness and VI was defined according to the cause of VI in the participant's better eye.METHODSA total of 2145 (95.3%, 2145/2250) subjects aged 50 years and older who participated in the RAAB survey were included. All the recruited participants underwent ophthalmic examination according to the RAAB protocol and then were reexamined with instruments in a mobile eye clinic set up in a village center on the same day. Examination in the mobile clinic included standardized visual acuity (VA) tests using logMAR charts, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated fundal examination with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Blindness and economic blindness were defined as VA in the better-seeing eye <3/60 and <6/60, respectively. Visual impairment (VI) was defined as VA <6/18 in the better eye. The primary cause of blindness and VI was defined according to the cause of VI in the participant's better eye.The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics of RAAB for detection of blindness and the principal causes of VI.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESThe sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics of RAAB for detection of blindness and the principal causes of VI.A total of 1816 subjects (84.7%), including 686 men (37.8%) and 1130 women (62.2%), underwent ophthalmic examination in the mobile eye clinic. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 64.4 ± 9.6 years. The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR of RAAB were 90.3%, 99.3%, 0.948, 124.0, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of blindness (presenting visual acuity, PVA <3/60); 89.5%, 98.7%, 0.940, 69.2, and 0.11, respectively, for detection of economic blindness (PVA <6/60); and 90.3%, 97.7%, 0.940, 38.7, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of VI (PVA <6/18). The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR were 90.5%, 98.1%, 0.943, 48.1, and 0.10; and 60.4%, 98.7%, 0.796, 46.4, and 0.40 for detection of VI (PVA <6/18) owing to cataract and refractive error, respectively.RESULTSA total of 1816 subjects (84.7%), including 686 men (37.8%) and 1130 women (62.2%), underwent ophthalmic examination in the mobile eye clinic. The mean (±standard deviation) age was 64.4 ± 9.6 years. The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR of RAAB were 90.3%, 99.3%, 0.948, 124.0, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of blindness (presenting visual acuity, PVA <3/60); 89.5%, 98.7%, 0.940, 69.2, and 0.11, respectively, for detection of economic blindness (PVA <6/60); and 90.3%, 97.7%, 0.940, 38.7, and 0.10, respectively, for detection of VI (PVA <6/18). The sensitivities, specificities, AUC, PLR, and NLR were 90.5%, 98.1%, 0.943, 48.1, and 0.10; and 60.4%, 98.7%, 0.796, 46.4, and 0.40 for detection of VI (PVA <6/18) owing to cataract and refractive error, respectively.The diagnostic performances of RAAB were high for detecting the prevalence of blindness, VI, and VI owing to cataract.CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic performances of RAAB were high for detecting the prevalence of blindness, VI, and VI owing to cataract. |
| Author | Leung, Christopher K.S. Li, Emmy Y. He, Ming Guang Musch, David C. Zhang, Xiu Juan Zheng, Chong Ren Chang, David F. Lam, Dennis S.C. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiu Juan surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiu Juan organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Christopher K.S. surname: Leung fullname: Leung, Christopher K.S. organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Emmy Y. surname: Li fullname: Li, Emmy Y. organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 4 givenname: David C. surname: Musch fullname: Musch, David C. organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Chong Ren surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Chong Ren organization: Project Vision Charitable Foundation, Hong Kong, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Ming Guang surname: He fullname: He, Ming Guang organization: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China – sequence: 7 givenname: David F. surname: Chang fullname: Chang, David F. organization: University of California, San Francisco, California, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Dennis S.C. surname: Lam fullname: Lam, Dennis S.C. email: dennislam@hkcmer.com organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31846622$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFkc2KFDEUhYOMOD2jD-BGCty4qTJJ_aSiq3L8hQFFdCkhdXMjKauTNqka6Lc3bc-A9GJchSTfd7mcc0HOfPBIyFNGK0ZZ93Kq9BQqTpmsGK8olQ_IhvVClqyX7IxsKKW8lLVszslFSlO-dqIRj8h5zfqm6zjfkB9vnf7pQ1ocFAPAGjXsi2CLr3rnTDGkhClt0S-Ht-EmOKPHGYs3s_PG569XxVB8Cbt11osLvhx1wn-tx-Sh1XPCJ7fnJfn-_t23q4_l9ecPn66G6xKami2l7WXf2tHWxogapQABzFLbIpMN9KbvBNTUNJwDyk5KyS1rQPTjCHo0lOn6krw4zt3F8HvFtKitS4DzrD2GNSle875u87Q2o89P0Cms0eftFG9427WdkCJTz26pddyiUbvotjru1V1wGRBHAGJIKaJV4Ja_ISxRu1kxqg4VqUnlitShIsW4yhVlk52Yd8Pvc14fHcwh3jiMKoFDD2hcRFiUCe5eW57YkPtzoOdfuP-P-wc9_ruP |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2019_036337 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_069985 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pcd_2024_08_005 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_5038918 crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_20907_1 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1136/bjo.85.4.432 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.04.019 10.1136/bjo.2007.119123 10.1371/journal.pone.0180769 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305824 10.3109/09286580903453514 10.1016/S0886-3350(00)00323-0 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.057 10.1097/APO.0000000000000061 10.1097/APO.0000000000000188 10.3109/09286586.2012.690493 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.05.030 10.1371/journal.pone.0002867 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10371 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.11.002 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307177 10.1371/journal.pone.0114245 10.3109/09286586.2016.1155716 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.003 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301874 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.049 10.1177/096228029800700405 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90197-0 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01221-6 10.5301/ejo.5000557 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.08.002 10.1097/APO.0000000000000264 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040217 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.05.028 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc. Copyright Elsevier Limited May 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 – notice: Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc. – notice: Copyright Elsevier Limited May 2020 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM K9. NAPCQ 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1879-1891 |
| EndPage | 243 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 31846622 10_1016_j_ajo_2019_12_009 S0002939419306105 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | United States--US |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: United States--US |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M -~X .1- .55 .FO .GJ .~1 0R~ 1B1 1CY 1P~ 1~. 1~5 23M 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 6J9 7-5 71M 8P~ AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAHTB AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQQT AAQXK AATTM AAWTL AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABBQC ABCQX ABDPE ABFNM ABFRF ABJNI ABLJU ABMAC ABMZM ABOCM ABPEJ ABWVN ABXDB ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACIEU ACIUM ACLOT ACNCT ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEZE ADFRT ADMUD ADNMO AEBSH AEFWE AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEVXI AFFNX AFJKZ AFPUW AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGQPQ AGUBO AGYEJ AHMBA AI. AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AJRQY AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ANZVX APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKEYQ BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV BPHCQ BVXVI CS3 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EFLBG EJD EMOBN EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 EX3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-Q GBLVA HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W J5H K-O KOM L7B M41 MO0 N4W N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OF- OPF OQ~ OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PQQKQ PROAC Q38 R2- ROL RPZ SCC SDF SDG SDP SEL SES SPCBC SSH SSZ SV3 T5K UNMZH UV1 VH1 WH7 WOW X7M XPP Z5R ZGI ZXP ~G- ~HD 3V. 7RV 7X7 8FI AACTN AAIAV ABLVK ABYKQ AFCTW AFKRA AFKWA AHPSJ AJBFU AJOXV AMFUW AZQEC BENPR FYUFA G8K GUQSH LCYCR M1P M2O RIG ZA5 9DU AAYXX CITATION AGCQF AGRNS NPM K9. NAPCQ 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-f8985fbf3dd73e97c7c1f0f5e194c8d867c30d422ce969992f14c78bbcabd01a3 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 9 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000531098400028&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0002-9394 1879-1891 |
| IngestDate | Wed Oct 01 13:41:11 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 05:12:14 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:56:39 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:35:00 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:58:45 EST 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:47:57 EST 2024 Tue Oct 14 19:30:40 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c431t-f8985fbf3dd73e97c7c1f0f5e194c8d867c30d422ce969992f14c78bbcabd01a3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 31846622 |
| PQID | 2425656797 |
| PQPubID | 41749 |
| PageCount | 9 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2328351945 proquest_journals_2425656797 pubmed_primary_31846622 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ajo_2019_12_009 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajo_2019_12_009 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ajo_2019_12_009 elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_ajo_2019_12_009 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | May 2020 2020-05-00 2020-May 20200501 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2020 text: May 2020 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Chicago |
| PublicationTitle | American journal of ophthalmology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Am J Ophthalmol |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc Elsevier Limited |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Inc – name: Elsevier Limited |
| References | Isipradit, Sirimaharaj, Charukamnoetkanok (bib25) 2014; 9 Obuchowski (bib13) 1998; 7 Seah, Wong, Foster (bib15) 2002; 109 Ormsby, Morchen, Fotis (bib41) 2017; 6 Kocur, Limburg, Resnikoff (bib10) 2018; 7 Minderhoud, Pawiroredjo, Bueno de Mesquita-Voigt (bib36) 2016; 100 (bib6) 2010 Congdon, He (bib40) 2018; 7 Al Ghamdi, Rabiu, Hajar (bib34) 2012; 96 Rabiu, Al Bdour, Abu Ameerh, Jadoon (bib37) 2015; 25 Polack, Yorston, Lopez-Ramos (bib33) 2012; 119 Taylor (bib3) 2016; 5 Kandeke, Mathenge, Giramahoro (bib4) 2012; 19 Wu, Yip, Kuper (bib21) 2008; 115 Zatic, Bendelic, Paduca (bib35) 2015; 99 Zhang, Li, Leung (bib11) 2017; 12 Kuper, Polack, Limburg (bib5) 2006; 19 Hajar, Al Hazmi, Wasli (bib38) 2015; 36 Morchen, Langdon, Ormsby (bib28) 2015; 4 Mathenge, Bastawrous, Foster, Kuper (bib30) 2012; 119 Liang, Friedman, Wong (bib17) 2008; 115 Eusebio, Kuper, Polack (bib20) 2007; 91 Neena, Rachel, Praveen, Murthy (bib22) 2008; 3 Das (bib27) 2018; 7 Bossuyt, Reitsma, Bruns (bib12) 2003; 44 Kruger, Schauersberger, Abela (bib16) 2000; 26 Muhit, Wadud, Islam (bib39) 2016; 23 Taylor (bib2) 2019; 8 Mathenge, Kuper, Limburg (bib19) 2007; 114 Rosser, Laidlaw, Murdoch (bib14) 2001; 85 Thoufeeq, Das, Limburg (bib26) 2018; 7 Ferris, Kassoff, Bresnick, Bailey (bib31) 1982; 94 Barrenechea, de la Fuente, Plaza (bib29) 2015; 37 bib7 Habiyakire, Kabona, Courtright, Lewallen (bib23) 2010; 17 Li, Liu, Zhan (bib9) 2013; 120 Falkenstein, Cochran, Azen (bib32) 2008; 115 Ellwein, Kupfer (bib18) 1995; 73 Rajavi, Katibeh, Ziaei (bib24) 2011; 118 bib1 Mathenge, Nkurikiye, Limburg, Kuper (bib8) 2007; 4 Kuper (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib5) 2006; 19 Morchen (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib28) 2015; 4 Barrenechea (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib29) 2015; 37 Mathenge (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib30) 2012; 119 Minderhoud (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib36) 2016; 100 Congdon (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib40) 2018; 7 Ormsby (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib41) 2017; 6 Mathenge (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib8) 2007; 4 Rajavi (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib24) 2011; 118 Falkenstein (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib32) 2008; 115 Habiyakire (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib23) 2010; 17 Li (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib9) 2013; 120 Al Ghamdi (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib34) 2012; 96 Mathenge (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib19) 2007; 114 Taylor (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib2) 2019; 8 Obuchowski (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib13) 1998; 7 Zatic (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib35) 2015; 99 Polack (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib33) 2012; 119 Das (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib27) 2018; 7 Taylor (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib3) 2016; 5 Muhit (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib39) 2016; 23 Hajar (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib38) 2015; 36 Zhang (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib11) 2017; 12 Ellwein (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib18) 1995; 73 Wu (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib21) 2008; 115 Kruger (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib16) 2000; 26 (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib6) 2010 Ferris (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib31) 1982; 94 Rosser (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib14) 2001; 85 Kocur (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib10) 2018; 7 Eusebio (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib20) 2007; 91 Thoufeeq (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib26) 2018; 7 Seah (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib15) 2002; 109 Neena (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib22) 2008; 3 Kandeke (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib4) 2012; 19 Isipradit (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib25) 2014; 9 Liang (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib17) 2008; 115 Bossuyt (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib12) 2003; 44 Rabiu (10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib37) 2015; 25 |
| References_xml | – volume: 96 start-page: 1168 year: 2012 end-page: 1172 ident: bib34 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Taif, Saudi Arabia publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol – volume: 99 start-page: 832 year: 2015 end-page: 836 ident: bib35 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Republic of Moldova publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol – volume: 4 start-page: 25 year: 2015 end-page: 31 ident: bib28 article-title: Prevalence of blindness and cataract surgical outcomes in Takeo Province, Cambodia publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 6 start-page: 266 year: 2017 end-page: 272 ident: bib41 article-title: Barriers to the uptake of cataract surgery and eye care after community outreach screening in Takeo Province, Cambodia publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 85 start-page: 432 year: 2001 end-page: 436 ident: bib14 article-title: The development of a “reduced logMAR” visual acuity chart for use in routine clinical practice publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol – volume: 23 start-page: 176 year: 2016 end-page: 184 ident: bib39 article-title: Generating evidence for program planning: rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Bangladesh publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol – volume: 7 start-page: 316 year: 2018 end-page: 320 ident: bib26 article-title: First rapid assessment of avoidable blindness survey in the Maldives: prevalence and causes of blindness and cataract surgery publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 119 start-page: 1033 year: 2012 end-page: 1040 ident: bib33 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Chiapas, Mexico publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 94 start-page: 91 year: 1982 end-page: 96 ident: bib31 article-title: New visual acuity charts for clinical research publication-title: Am J Ophthalmol – volume: 91 start-page: 1588 year: 2007 end-page: 1592 ident: bib20 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Negros Island and Antique District, Philippines publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol – volume: 3 start-page: e2867 year: 2008 ident: bib22 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in India publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 7 start-page: 371 year: 1998 end-page: 392 ident: bib13 article-title: Sample size calculations in studies of test accuracy publication-title: Stat Methods Med Res – volume: 4 start-page: e217 year: 2007 ident: bib8 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Western Rwanda: blindness in a postconflict setting publication-title: PLoS Med – volume: 7 start-page: 282 year: 2018 end-page: 283 ident: bib10 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness-past, present, and future publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 7 start-page: 367 year: 2018 end-page: 369 ident: bib40 article-title: Promoting eye health in low-resource areas by “doing more with less” publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 17 start-page: 90 year: 2010 end-page: 94 ident: bib23 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and cataract surgical services in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol – volume: 44 start-page: 639 year: 2003 end-page: 650 ident: bib12 article-title: The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration. The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Group publication-title: Croat Med J – ident: bib1 article-title: New WHO blindness estimates – volume: 8 start-page: 424 year: 2019 end-page: 428 ident: bib2 article-title: Global Blindness: The Progress We Are Making and Still Need to Make publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 73 start-page: 681 year: 1995 end-page: 690 ident: bib18 article-title: Strategic issues in preventing cataract blindness in developing countries publication-title: Bull World Health Organ – volume: 9 start-page: e114245 year: 2014 ident: bib25 article-title: The first rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) in Thailand publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 26 start-page: 566 year: 2000 end-page: 570 ident: bib16 article-title: Two year results: sharp versus rounded optic edges on silicone lenses publication-title: J Cataract Refract Surg – volume: 100 start-page: 814 year: 2016 end-page: 818 ident: bib36 article-title: Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in people aged 50 years and older in the Republic of Suriname publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol – volume: 120 start-page: 2176 year: 2013 end-page: 2183 ident: bib9 article-title: Prevalence of blindness and outcomes of cataract surgery in Hainan Province in South China publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 25 start-page: 320 year: 2015 end-page: 327 ident: bib37 article-title: Prevalence of blindness and diabetic retinopathy in northern Jordan publication-title: Eur J Ophthalmol – volume: 115 start-page: 319 year: 2008 end-page: 323 ident: bib32 article-title: Comparison of visual acuity in macular degeneration patients measured with Snellen and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 36 start-page: 449 year: 2015 end-page: 455 ident: bib38 article-title: Prevalence and causes of blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Southern Saudi Arabia publication-title: Saudi Med J – volume: 7 start-page: 312 year: 2018 end-page: 315 ident: bib27 article-title: Blindness and visual impairment profile and rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in South East Asia: analysis of new data. 2017 APAO Holmes Lecture publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 19 start-page: 68 year: 2006 end-page: 69 ident: bib5 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness publication-title: Community Eye Health – volume: 12 start-page: e0180769 year: 2017 ident: bib11 article-title: Prevalence of visual impairment and outcomes of cataract surgery in Chaonan, South China publication-title: PLoS One – volume: 37 start-page: 7 year: 2015 end-page: 12 ident: bib29 article-title: [National survey of blindness and avoidable visual impairment in Argentina, 2013] publication-title: Rev Panam Salud Publica – volume: 5 start-page: 95 year: 2016 end-page: 96 ident: bib3 article-title: The global issue of vision loss and what we can do about it: Jose Rizal Medal 2015 publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 119 start-page: 2033 year: 2012 end-page: 2039 ident: bib30 article-title: The Nakuru posterior segment eye disease study: methods and prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Nakuru, Kenya publication-title: Ophthalmology – year: 2010 ident: bib6 publication-title: The sixth National Population Census, Chaonan Region – volume: 109 start-page: 2058 year: 2002 end-page: 2064 ident: bib15 article-title: Prevalence of lens opacity in Chinese residents of Singapore: the Tanjong Pagar survey publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 115 start-page: 969 year: 2008 end-page: 974 ident: bib21 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Kunming, China publication-title: Ophthalmology – ident: bib7 article-title: Guangdong Year Book in 2016 – volume: 118 start-page: 1812 year: 2011 end-page: 1818 ident: bib24 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Iran publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 114 start-page: 599 year: 2007 end-page: 605 ident: bib19 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Nakuru district, Kenya publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 19 start-page: 211 year: 2012 end-page: 215 ident: bib4 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in two northern provinces of Burundi without eye services publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol – volume: 115 start-page: 1965 year: 2008 end-page: 1972 ident: bib17 article-title: Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a rural Chinese adult population: the Handan Eye Study publication-title: Ophthalmology – volume: 85 start-page: 432 issue: 4 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib14 article-title: The development of a “reduced logMAR” visual acuity chart for use in routine clinical practice publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjo.85.4.432 – volume: 119 start-page: 2033 issue: 10 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib30 article-title: The Nakuru posterior segment eye disease study: methods and prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Nakuru, Kenya publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.04.019 – volume: 91 start-page: 1588 issue: 12 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib20 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Negros Island and Antique District, Philippines publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjo.2007.119123 – volume: 12 start-page: e0180769 issue: 8 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib11 article-title: Prevalence of visual impairment and outcomes of cataract surgery in Chaonan, South China publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180769 – volume: 99 start-page: 832 issue: 6 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib35 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Republic of Moldova publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305824 – volume: 17 start-page: 90 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib23 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and cataract surgical services in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.3109/09286580903453514 – volume: 26 start-page: 566 issue: 4 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib16 article-title: Two year results: sharp versus rounded optic edges on silicone lenses publication-title: J Cataract Refract Surg doi: 10.1016/S0886-3350(00)00323-0 – volume: 114 start-page: 599 issue: 3 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib19 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Nakuru district, Kenya publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.057 – volume: 4 start-page: 25 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib28 article-title: Prevalence of blindness and cataract surgical outcomes in Takeo Province, Cambodia publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000061 – volume: 5 start-page: 95 issue: 2 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib3 article-title: The global issue of vision loss and what we can do about it: Jose Rizal Medal 2015 publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000188 – volume: 19 start-page: 211 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib4 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in two northern provinces of Burundi without eye services publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.3109/09286586.2012.690493 – volume: 115 start-page: 1965 issue: 11 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib17 article-title: Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a rural Chinese adult population: the Handan Eye Study publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.05.030 – volume: 7 start-page: 282 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib10 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness-past, present, and future publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 7 start-page: 312 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib27 article-title: Blindness and visual impairment profile and rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in South East Asia: analysis of new data. 2017 APAO Holmes Lecture publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 3 start-page: e2867 issue: 8 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib22 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in India publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002867 – volume: 36 start-page: 449 issue: 4 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib38 article-title: Prevalence and causes of blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Southern Saudi Arabia publication-title: Saudi Med J doi: 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10371 – volume: 119 start-page: 1033 issue: 5 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib33 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Chiapas, Mexico publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.11.002 – volume: 100 start-page: 814 issue: 6 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib36 article-title: Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in people aged 50 years and older in the Republic of Suriname publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307177 – volume: 9 start-page: e114245 issue: 12 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib25 article-title: The first rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) in Thailand publication-title: PLoS One doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114245 – volume: 23 start-page: 176 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib39 article-title: Generating evidence for program planning: rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Bangladesh publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.3109/09286586.2016.1155716 – volume: 120 start-page: 2176 issue: 11 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib9 article-title: Prevalence of blindness and outcomes of cataract surgery in Hainan Province in South China publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.003 – volume: 73 start-page: 681 issue: 5 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib18 article-title: Strategic issues in preventing cataract blindness in developing countries publication-title: Bull World Health Organ – volume: 96 start-page: 1168 issue: 9 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib34 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness and diabetic retinopathy in Taif, Saudi Arabia publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-301874 – volume: 118 start-page: 1812 issue: 9 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib24 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Iran publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.049 – volume: 7 start-page: 371 issue: 4 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib13 article-title: Sample size calculations in studies of test accuracy publication-title: Stat Methods Med Res doi: 10.1177/096228029800700405 – volume: 6 start-page: 266 issue: 3 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib41 article-title: Barriers to the uptake of cataract surgery and eye care after community outreach screening in Takeo Province, Cambodia publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 19 start-page: 68 issue: 60 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib5 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness publication-title: Community Eye Health – volume: 94 start-page: 91 issue: 1 year: 1982 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib31 article-title: New visual acuity charts for clinical research publication-title: Am J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(82)90197-0 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib6 – volume: 109 start-page: 2058 issue: 11 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib15 article-title: Prevalence of lens opacity in Chinese residents of Singapore: the Tanjong Pagar survey publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01221-6 – volume: 25 start-page: 320 issue: 4 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib37 article-title: Prevalence of blindness and diabetic retinopathy in northern Jordan publication-title: Eur J Ophthalmol doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000557 – volume: 115 start-page: 969 issue: 6 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib21 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Kunming, China publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.08.002 – volume: 44 start-page: 639 issue: 5 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib12 article-title: The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: explanation and elaboration. The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Group publication-title: Croat Med J – volume: 7 start-page: 316 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib26 article-title: First rapid assessment of avoidable blindness survey in the Maldives: prevalence and causes of blindness and cataract surgery publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 37 start-page: 7 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib29 article-title: [National survey of blindness and avoidable visual impairment in Argentina, 2013] publication-title: Rev Panam Salud Publica – volume: 7 start-page: 367 issue: 6 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib40 article-title: Promoting eye health in low-resource areas by “doing more with less” publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) – volume: 8 start-page: 424 issue: 6 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib2 article-title: Global Blindness: The Progress We Are Making and Still Need to Make publication-title: Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000264 – volume: 4 start-page: e217 issue: 7 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib8 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness in Western Rwanda: blindness in a postconflict setting publication-title: PLoS Med doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040217 – volume: 115 start-page: 319 issue: 2 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009_bib32 article-title: Comparison of visual acuity in macular degeneration patients measured with Snellen and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.05.028 |
| SSID | ssj0006747 |
| Score | 2.367621 |
| Snippet | To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).
Population-based diagnostic accuracy study.
A total of 2145 (95.3%,... ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).DesignPopulation-based diagnostic accuracy study.MethodsA total... To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB).OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of rapid assessment of... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 235 |
| SubjectTerms | Accuracy Blindness Cataracts Eye diseases Medical diagnosis Medical personnel Methods Mobile businesses Population Teams Visual impairment |
| Title | Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness: A Population-based Assessment |
| URI | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0002939419306105 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.12.009 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31846622 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2425656797 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2328351945 |
| Volume | 213 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000531098400028&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021 customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-1891 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0006747 issn: 0002-9394 databaseCode: AIEXJ dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtR3bbtMw1CobQrwgrqMwpiDxRJUosZPY5q2MIhhimrQhlQcUOU6itWrTqm2q8T38KMdx7GRDGxeJl6hyfRrX5_jcfC4IvQINgQrQq90gzqgbipi4LMIczlWYB2kaR0KKutkEPT5m4zE_6fV-mFyY7YyWJbu44Mv_imoYA2Sr1Nm_QLf9URiAz4B0eALa4flHiH-ng-dUIdahlNVK9XNXFUfEcpINhrYQZ62CbheTrM6degvaZqa4ns5UP7FtvVwl5rpwXW3WXvd06k8sluebczGbX3LXW7f0eFINjqpuHFDDbDpFDgafvFPPTqijDUbz-ffBV6-ljrXuYFVH5A8Ova7vAvttpKB2qJmkmksxnzWT5kT3PvZyzZcZ5W7AdGMvw7hxQLqsV5c9aaQ41sWffhEQ2lcx9cRUZX4GvPYF-7yVhjZG8VStQy0DVFxQelSd3F1MIw6sc3f4cTQ-sgI_piE1VpYCMJfndRjhlRddp_5cZ97Uas7ZfXSvsU-coaarB6iXlw_Rnc9NBMYj9K0lL8eQl7MonJq8nJZM1JglL8eS1xtn6Fwlrg7UY_Tl_ejs8IPbtOhwJWieG7dgnEVFWpAsoyTnVFIZFH4R5QEPJctYTCXxsxBjmfMYbBFcBKGkLE2lSDM_EOQJ2ikXZf4UOaTgccgiPxVFFCqbLxck5ikjJFNQRR_5ZucS2dSvV21UZokJVJwmsNmJ2uwkwAlsdh-9tiBLXbzlpsnYoCMxWckgRxOgnJuAQgvUqKxaFf0d2L7Bd9Kc0HWijH-wriinffTSfg3cXl3hiTJfVDCHqPqIsLlRH-1pOrH_DKRzGMcYP_u3NT1Hd9sjuo92Nqsqf4Fuy-1msl4doFt0zA4ayv8JOSfXSg |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+Accuracy+of+Rapid+Assessment+of+Avoidable+Blindness%3A+A+Population-based+Assessment&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+ophthalmology&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiu+Juan&rft.au=Leung%2C+Christopher+K.S.&rft.au=Li%2C+Emmy+Y.&rft.au=Musch%2C+David+C.&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Inc&rft.issn=0002-9394&rft.eissn=1879-1891&rft.volume=213&rft.spage=235&rft.epage=243&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ajo.2019.12.009&rft.externalDocID=S0002939419306105 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0002-9394&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0002-9394&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0002-9394&client=summon |