Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Lead to Production of Interleukin 17 by Intrahepatic γδ T-Cell Receptor-Positive Cells and Pathogenesis of Cholestatic Liver Disease
Variants at the ABCB4 or MDR2 locus, which encodes a biliary transport protein, are associated with a spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases. Exacerbation of liver disease has been linked to increased hepatic levels of interleukin (IL) 17, yet the mechanisms of this increase are not understood. We s...
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| Vydáno v: | Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) Ročník 154; číslo 8; s. 2178 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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01.06.2018
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| ISSN: | 1528-0012, 1528-0012 |
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| Abstract | Variants at the ABCB4 or MDR2 locus, which encodes a biliary transport protein, are associated with a spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases. Exacerbation of liver disease has been linked to increased hepatic levels of interleukin (IL) 17, yet the mechanisms of this increase are not understood. We studied mice with disruption of Mdr2 to determine how defects in liver and alteration in the microbiota contribute to production of IL17 by intrahepatic γδ T cells.
We performed studies with Mdr2
and littermate FVB/NJ (control) mice. IL17 was measured in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were injected with neutralizing antibodies against the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR; anti-γδ TCR) or mouse IL17A (anti-IL17A). Livers were collected and bacteria were identified in homogenates by culture procedures; TCRγδ
cells were isolated by flow cytometry. Fecal samples were collected from mice and analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Cells were stimulated with antibodies or bacteria, and cytokine production was measured. We obtained tissues from 10 patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis or chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Tissues were analyzed for cytokine production by γδ TCR
cells.
Mdr2
mice had collagen deposition around hepatic bile ducts and periportal-bridging fibrosis with influx of inflammatory cells and increased serum levels of IL17 compared with control mice. Administration of anti-IL17A reduced hepatic fibrosis. Livers from Mdr2
mice had increased numbers of IL17A
γδTCR
cells-particularly of IL17A
Vγ6Jγ1 γδ TCR
cells. Fecal samples from Mdr2
mice were enriched in Lactobacillus, and liver tissues were enriched in Lactobacillus gasseri compared with control mice. Mdr2
mice also had increased intestinal permeability. The γδ TCR
cells isolated from Mdr2
livers produced IL17 in response to heat-killed L gasseri. Intraperitoneal injection of control mice with L gasseri led to increased serum levels of IL17 and liver infiltration by inflammatory cells; injection of these mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced serum level of IL17. Intravenous injections of Mdr2
mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced fibrosis; liver levels of IL17, and inflammatory cells; and serum levels of IL17. γδTCR
cells isolated from livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, but not hepatitis C virus infection, produced IL17.
In Mdr2
mice, we found development of liver fibrosis and inflammation to require hepatic activation of γδ TCR
cells and production of IL17 mediated by exposure to L gasseri. This pathway appears to contribute to development of cholestatic liver disease in patients. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Variants at the ABCB4 or MDR2 locus, which encodes a biliary transport protein, are associated with a spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases. Exacerbation of liver disease has been linked to increased hepatic levels of interleukin (IL) 17, yet the mechanisms of this increase are not understood. We studied mice with disruption of Mdr2 to determine how defects in liver and alteration in the microbiota contribute to production of IL17 by intrahepatic γδ T cells.BACKGROUND & AIMSVariants at the ABCB4 or MDR2 locus, which encodes a biliary transport protein, are associated with a spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases. Exacerbation of liver disease has been linked to increased hepatic levels of interleukin (IL) 17, yet the mechanisms of this increase are not understood. We studied mice with disruption of Mdr2 to determine how defects in liver and alteration in the microbiota contribute to production of IL17 by intrahepatic γδ T cells.We performed studies with Mdr2-/- and littermate FVB/NJ (control) mice. IL17 was measured in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were injected with neutralizing antibodies against the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR; anti-γδ TCR) or mouse IL17A (anti-IL17A). Livers were collected and bacteria were identified in homogenates by culture procedures; TCRγδ+ cells were isolated by flow cytometry. Fecal samples were collected from mice and analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Cells were stimulated with antibodies or bacteria, and cytokine production was measured. We obtained tissues from 10 patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis or chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Tissues were analyzed for cytokine production by γδ TCR+ cells.METHODSWe performed studies with Mdr2-/- and littermate FVB/NJ (control) mice. IL17 was measured in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were injected with neutralizing antibodies against the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR; anti-γδ TCR) or mouse IL17A (anti-IL17A). Livers were collected and bacteria were identified in homogenates by culture procedures; TCRγδ+ cells were isolated by flow cytometry. Fecal samples were collected from mice and analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Cells were stimulated with antibodies or bacteria, and cytokine production was measured. We obtained tissues from 10 patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis or chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Tissues were analyzed for cytokine production by γδ TCR+ cells.Mdr2-/- mice had collagen deposition around hepatic bile ducts and periportal-bridging fibrosis with influx of inflammatory cells and increased serum levels of IL17 compared with control mice. Administration of anti-IL17A reduced hepatic fibrosis. Livers from Mdr2-/- mice had increased numbers of IL17A+ γδTCR+ cells-particularly of IL17A+ Vγ6Jγ1 γδ TCR+ cells. Fecal samples from Mdr2-/- mice were enriched in Lactobacillus, and liver tissues were enriched in Lactobacillus gasseri compared with control mice. Mdr2-/- mice also had increased intestinal permeability. The γδ TCR+ cells isolated from Mdr2-/- livers produced IL17 in response to heat-killed L gasseri. Intraperitoneal injection of control mice with L gasseri led to increased serum levels of IL17 and liver infiltration by inflammatory cells; injection of these mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced serum level of IL17. Intravenous injections of Mdr2-/- mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced fibrosis; liver levels of IL17, and inflammatory cells; and serum levels of IL17. γδTCR+ cells isolated from livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, but not hepatitis C virus infection, produced IL17.RESULTSMdr2-/- mice had collagen deposition around hepatic bile ducts and periportal-bridging fibrosis with influx of inflammatory cells and increased serum levels of IL17 compared with control mice. Administration of anti-IL17A reduced hepatic fibrosis. Livers from Mdr2-/- mice had increased numbers of IL17A+ γδTCR+ cells-particularly of IL17A+ Vγ6Jγ1 γδ TCR+ cells. Fecal samples from Mdr2-/- mice were enriched in Lactobacillus, and liver tissues were enriched in Lactobacillus gasseri compared with control mice. Mdr2-/- mice also had increased intestinal permeability. The γδ TCR+ cells isolated from Mdr2-/- livers produced IL17 in response to heat-killed L gasseri. Intraperitoneal injection of control mice with L gasseri led to increased serum levels of IL17 and liver infiltration by inflammatory cells; injection of these mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced serum level of IL17. Intravenous injections of Mdr2-/- mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced fibrosis; liver levels of IL17, and inflammatory cells; and serum levels of IL17. γδTCR+ cells isolated from livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, but not hepatitis C virus infection, produced IL17.In Mdr2-/- mice, we found development of liver fibrosis and inflammation to require hepatic activation of γδ TCR+ cells and production of IL17 mediated by exposure to L gasseri. This pathway appears to contribute to development of cholestatic liver disease in patients.CONCLUSIONSIn Mdr2-/- mice, we found development of liver fibrosis and inflammation to require hepatic activation of γδ TCR+ cells and production of IL17 mediated by exposure to L gasseri. This pathway appears to contribute to development of cholestatic liver disease in patients. Variants at the ABCB4 or MDR2 locus, which encodes a biliary transport protein, are associated with a spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases. Exacerbation of liver disease has been linked to increased hepatic levels of interleukin (IL) 17, yet the mechanisms of this increase are not understood. We studied mice with disruption of Mdr2 to determine how defects in liver and alteration in the microbiota contribute to production of IL17 by intrahepatic γδ T cells. We performed studies with Mdr2 and littermate FVB/NJ (control) mice. IL17 was measured in serum samples by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were injected with neutralizing antibodies against the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR; anti-γδ TCR) or mouse IL17A (anti-IL17A). Livers were collected and bacteria were identified in homogenates by culture procedures; TCRγδ cells were isolated by flow cytometry. Fecal samples were collected from mice and analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Cells were stimulated with antibodies or bacteria, and cytokine production was measured. We obtained tissues from 10 patients undergoing liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis or chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Tissues were analyzed for cytokine production by γδ TCR cells. Mdr2 mice had collagen deposition around hepatic bile ducts and periportal-bridging fibrosis with influx of inflammatory cells and increased serum levels of IL17 compared with control mice. Administration of anti-IL17A reduced hepatic fibrosis. Livers from Mdr2 mice had increased numbers of IL17A γδTCR cells-particularly of IL17A Vγ6Jγ1 γδ TCR cells. Fecal samples from Mdr2 mice were enriched in Lactobacillus, and liver tissues were enriched in Lactobacillus gasseri compared with control mice. Mdr2 mice also had increased intestinal permeability. The γδ TCR cells isolated from Mdr2 livers produced IL17 in response to heat-killed L gasseri. Intraperitoneal injection of control mice with L gasseri led to increased serum levels of IL17 and liver infiltration by inflammatory cells; injection of these mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced serum level of IL17. Intravenous injections of Mdr2 mice with anti-γδ TCR reduced fibrosis; liver levels of IL17, and inflammatory cells; and serum levels of IL17. γδTCR cells isolated from livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, but not hepatitis C virus infection, produced IL17. In Mdr2 mice, we found development of liver fibrosis and inflammation to require hepatic activation of γδ TCR cells and production of IL17 mediated by exposure to L gasseri. This pathway appears to contribute to development of cholestatic liver disease in patients. |
| Author | Thapa, Manoj Ge, Yong Li, Jing Gumber, Sanjeev Mohamadzadeh, Mansour Gong, Minghao Speck, Patrick Grakoui, Arash Tedesco, Dana Kitchens, William H Burd, Eileen M Chin, Chui Yoke Weiss, David S Adams, Andrew B Elrod, Elizabeth J Magliocca, Joseph F |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dana surname: Tedesco fullname: Tedesco, Dana organization: Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 2 givenname: Manoj surname: Thapa fullname: Thapa, Manoj organization: Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 3 givenname: Chui Yoke surname: Chin fullname: Chin, Chui Yoke organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 4 givenname: Yong surname: Ge fullname: Ge, Yong organization: Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida – sequence: 5 givenname: Minghao surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Minghao organization: Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida – sequence: 6 givenname: Jing surname: Li fullname: Li, Jing organization: Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida – sequence: 7 givenname: Sanjeev surname: Gumber fullname: Gumber, Sanjeev organization: Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 8 givenname: Patrick surname: Speck fullname: Speck, Patrick organization: Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 9 givenname: Elizabeth J surname: Elrod fullname: Elrod, Elizabeth J organization: Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 10 givenname: Eileen M surname: Burd fullname: Burd, Eileen M organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 11 givenname: William H surname: Kitchens fullname: Kitchens, William H organization: Department of Surgery, Transplant, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 12 givenname: Joseph F surname: Magliocca fullname: Magliocca, Joseph F organization: Department of Surgery, Transplant, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 13 givenname: Andrew B surname: Adams fullname: Adams, Andrew B organization: Department of Surgery, Transplant, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 14 givenname: David S surname: Weiss fullname: Weiss, David S organization: Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, Georgia – sequence: 15 givenname: Mansour surname: Mohamadzadeh fullname: Mohamadzadeh, Mansour organization: Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Nutrition; University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida – sequence: 16 givenname: Arash surname: Grakoui fullname: Grakoui, Arash email: arash.grakoui@emory.edu organization: Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes Research Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. Electronic address: arash.grakoui@emory.edu |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29454797$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Animals ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - genetics ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4 Bile Ducts - cytology Bile Ducts - immunology Bile Ducts - microbiology Cells, Cultured Cholangitis, Sclerosing - microbiology Cholangitis, Sclerosing - pathology Cholangitis, Sclerosing - surgery Cholestasis - immunology Cholestasis - microbiology Cholestasis - pathology Cholestasis - surgery Disease Models, Animal End Stage Liver Disease - microbiology End Stage Liver Disease - pathology End Stage Liver Disease - surgery Female Gastrointestinal Microbiome Hepatitis C, Chronic - pathology Hepatitis C, Chronic - surgery Hepatitis C, Chronic - virology Humans Interleukin-17 - antagonists & inhibitors Interleukin-17 - blood Interleukin-17 - immunology Interleukin-17 - metabolism Intraepithelial Lymphocytes - metabolism Lactobacillus gasseri - immunology Liver - cytology Liver - immunology Liver - microbiology Liver - pathology Liver Cirrhosis - immunology Liver Cirrhosis - microbiology Liver Cirrhosis - pathology Liver Cirrhosis - surgery Liver Transplantation Male Mice Mice, Knockout Middle Aged Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta - antagonists & inhibitors Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta - metabolism Young Adult |
| Title | Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Lead to Production of Interleukin 17 by Intrahepatic γδ T-Cell Receptor-Positive Cells and Pathogenesis of Cholestatic Liver Disease |
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