Sagebrush recovery patterns after fuel treatments mediated by disturbance type and plant functional group interactions

Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative annual grasses are altering fire regimes and resulting in loss of sagebrush species and habitat. We evaluated 10‐yr effects of woody fuel tr...

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Published in:	Ecosphere (Washington, D.C) Vol. 12; no. 4
Main Authors:	Chambers, Jeanne C., Urza, Alexandra K., Board, David I., Miller, Richard F., Pyke, David A., Roundy, Bruce A., Schupp, Eugene W., Tausch, Robin J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2021 Wiley
Subjects:	adults annual grass invasion Artemisia Artemisia tridentata Bromus tectorum Competition Disturbances Ecosystems equations fuel treatment Grasses habitats herbicide application Herbicides Intraspecific relationships juveniles perennial grasses piñon and juniper Plant communities Population Population structure prescribed burning Prescribed fire resilience to disturbance resistance to invasion sagebrush recruitment Seedlings Seeds Special Feature: Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project Steppes tebuthiuron Trees Vegetation woodland expansion Woodlands Great Basin
ISSN:	2150-8925, 2150-8925
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Abstract	Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative annual grasses are altering fire regimes and resulting in loss of sagebrush species and habitat. We evaluated 10‐yr effects of woody fuel treatments on sagebrush recruitment and plant functional group interactions using Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data. We used mixed‐effects ANOVAs to examine treatment effects on sagebrush density and cover and perennial and annual grass cover in expansion woodlands (prescribed fire and cut‐and‐leave) and annual grass invasion areas (prescribed fire, mowing, tebuthiuron herbicide application). We used piecewise structural equation models to evaluate interactions among sagebrush seedling density, juvenile and adult density, and cover and perennial and annual grass cover. Fuel treatments were equated to pulse or press disturbances varying in resource release and subsequent intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Prescribed fire, a high magnitude pulse disturbance with more severe effects in warm and dry sites, reduced sagebrush cover and decoupled associations among sagebrush seedlings, juvenile and adult density, and cover indicating changed population structure. Cutting and leaving trees, a low magnitude pulse disturbance in cooler and moister woodlands, increased sagebrush density and cover and generally had lesser effects on sagebrush intraspecific associations. Mowing, a moderate magnitude pulse disturbance, and tebuthiuron herbicide application, a multiyear press disturbance, reduced sagebrush cover and disrupted intraspecific relationships. Competitive release increased cover of perennial grass in all treatments but tebuthiuron. Annual grass increased in all treatments, especially prescribed fire and tebuthiuron. Annual and perennial grass interactions with sagebrush were generally rare, but in woodland treatments perennial grass suppressed annual grass through year 6. Treatments in cooler and moister woodland sites had more positive effects on sagebrush recruitment and perennial grass cover, less negative effects on sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and smaller increases in annual grass cover indicating potential increases in resilience to fire. In warmer and drier invasion sites, reductions in woody fuels resulted in lack of sagebrush recruitment, disruption of sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and progressive increases in annual grass indicating reduced resilience to fire and resistance to invaders.
AbstractList	Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative annual grasses are altering fire regimes and resulting in loss of sagebrush species and habitat. We evaluated 10‐yr effects of woody fuel treatments on sagebrush recruitment and plant functional group interactions using Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data. We used mixed‐effects ANOVAs to examine treatment effects on sagebrush density and cover and perennial and annual grass cover in expansion woodlands (prescribed fire and cut‐and‐leave) and annual grass invasion areas (prescribed fire, mowing, tebuthiuron herbicide application). We used piecewise structural equation models to evaluate interactions among sagebrush seedling density, juvenile and adult density, and cover and perennial and annual grass cover. Fuel treatments were equated to pulse or press disturbances varying in resource release and subsequent intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Prescribed fire, a high magnitude pulse disturbance with more severe effects in warm and dry sites, reduced sagebrush cover and decoupled associations among sagebrush seedlings, juvenile and adult density, and cover indicating changed population structure. Cutting and leaving trees, a low magnitude pulse disturbance in cooler and moister woodlands, increased sagebrush density and cover and generally had lesser effects on sagebrush intraspecific associations. Mowing, a moderate magnitude pulse disturbance, and tebuthiuron herbicide application, a multiyear press disturbance, reduced sagebrush cover and disrupted intraspecific relationships. Competitive release increased cover of perennial grass in all treatments but tebuthiuron. Annual grass increased in all treatments, especially prescribed fire and tebuthiuron. Annual and perennial grass interactions with sagebrush were generally rare, but in woodland treatments perennial grass suppressed annual grass through year 6. Treatments in cooler and moister woodland sites had more positive effects on sagebrush recruitment and perennial grass cover, less negative effects on sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and smaller increases in annual grass cover indicating potential increases in resilience to fire. In warmer and drier invasion sites, reductions in woody fuels resulted in lack of sagebrush recruitment, disruption of sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and progressive increases in annual grass indicating reduced resilience to fire and resistance to invaders. Abstract Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative annual grasses are altering fire regimes and resulting in loss of sagebrush species and habitat. We evaluated 10‐yr effects of woody fuel treatments on sagebrush recruitment and plant functional group interactions using Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data. We used mixed‐effects ANOVAs to examine treatment effects on sagebrush density and cover and perennial and annual grass cover in expansion woodlands (prescribed fire and cut‐and‐leave) and annual grass invasion areas (prescribed fire, mowing, tebuthiuron herbicide application). We used piecewise structural equation models to evaluate interactions among sagebrush seedling density, juvenile and adult density, and cover and perennial and annual grass cover. Fuel treatments were equated to pulse or press disturbances varying in resource release and subsequent intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Prescribed fire, a high magnitude pulse disturbance with more severe effects in warm and dry sites, reduced sagebrush cover and decoupled associations among sagebrush seedlings, juvenile and adult density, and cover indicating changed population structure. Cutting and leaving trees, a low magnitude pulse disturbance in cooler and moister woodlands, increased sagebrush density and cover and generally had lesser effects on sagebrush intraspecific associations. Mowing, a moderate magnitude pulse disturbance, and tebuthiuron herbicide application, a multiyear press disturbance, reduced sagebrush cover and disrupted intraspecific relationships. Competitive release increased cover of perennial grass in all treatments but tebuthiuron. Annual grass increased in all treatments, especially prescribed fire and tebuthiuron. Annual and perennial grass interactions with sagebrush were generally rare, but in woodland treatments perennial grass suppressed annual grass through year 6. Treatments in cooler and moister woodland sites had more positive effects on sagebrush recruitment and perennial grass cover, less negative effects on sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and smaller increases in annual grass cover indicating potential increases in resilience to fire. In warmer and drier invasion sites, reductions in woody fuels resulted in lack of sagebrush recruitment, disruption of sagebrush intraspecific interactions, and progressive increases in annual grass indicating reduced resilience to fire and resistance to invaders.
Author	Chambers, Jeanne C. Miller, Richard F. Pyke, David A. Urza, Alexandra K. Tausch, Robin J. Board, David I. Schupp, Eugene W. Roundy, Bruce A.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jeanne C. surname: Chambers fullname: Chambers, Jeanne C. email: jeanne.chambers@usda.gov organization: USDA Forest Service – sequence: 2 givenname: Alexandra K. orcidid: 0000-0001-9795-6735 surname: Urza fullname: Urza, Alexandra K. organization: USDA Forest Service – sequence: 3 givenname: David I. surname: Board fullname: Board, David I. organization: USDA Forest Service – sequence: 4 givenname: Richard F. surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Richard F. organization: Oregon State University – sequence: 5 givenname: David A. surname: Pyke fullname: Pyke, David A. organization: U.S. Geological Survey – sequence: 6 givenname: Bruce A. surname: Roundy fullname: Roundy, Bruce A. organization: Brigham Young University – sequence: 7 givenname: Eugene W. surname: Schupp fullname: Schupp, Eugene W. organization: Utah State University – sequence: 8 givenname: Robin J. surname: Tausch fullname: Tausch, Robin J. organization: USDA Forest Service
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Snippet	Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative... Abstract Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of piñon and juniper trees and the invasion of...
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SubjectTerms	adults annual grass invasion Artemisia Artemisia tridentata Bromus tectorum Competition Disturbances Ecosystems equations fuel treatment Grasses habitats herbicide application Herbicides Intraspecific relationships juveniles perennial grasses piñon and juniper Plant communities Population Population structure prescribed burning Prescribed fire resilience to disturbance resistance to invasion sagebrush recruitment Seedlings Seeds Special Feature: Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project Steppes tebuthiuron Trees Vegetation woodland expansion Woodlands
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Title	Sagebrush recovery patterns after fuel treatments mediated by disturbance type and plant functional group interactions
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