Soil characteristics are associated with gradients of big sagebrush canopy structure after disturbance

Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and restore ecosystem functioning. While several studies have explored the effects of landscape and climate factors on the success or failure of sagebrush s...

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Published in:	Ecosphere (Washington, D.C) Vol. 10; no. 6
Main Authors:	Barnard, David M., Germino, Matthew J., Arkle, Robert S., Bradford, John B., Duniway, Michael C., Pilliod, David S., Pyke, David A., Shriver, Robert K., Welty, Justin L.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2019 Wiley
Subjects:	Artemisia tridentata atmospheric precipitation basins biological crusts biological soil crusts Canopies canopy clay soils climatic factors data collection ecological footprint Ecological function Ecosystems Estimates explanatory model fire fire history Great Basin States Land management landscapes Morphology pedoderm planning Plant communities plant density Precipitation restoration islands shrubs Soil depth Soil properties Soil surfaces Soil testing Soil texture sowing Steppes texture Vegetation Wildlife habitats United States > US Great Basin Great Basin States
ISSN:	2150-8925, 2150-8925
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Abstract	Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and restore ecosystem functioning. While several studies have explored the effects of landscape and climate factors on the success or failure of sagebrush seeding, the influence of soil properties on gradients of shrub canopy structure in successfully seeded areas remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated associations between soil properties and gradients in sagebrush canopy structure in stands that had successfully reestablished after fire and subsequent seeding treatments. Using a dataset collected across the Great Basin, USA, of sagebrush stands that had burned and reestablished between 1986 and 2013, we tested soil depth and texture, soil surface classification, biological soil crusts plus mean historical precipitation, solar heatload, and fire history as modeling variables to explore gradients in sagebrush canopy structure growth in terms of cover, height, and density. Deeper soils were associated with greater sagebrush canopy structure development in terms of plant density and percent cover, coarser textured soils were associated with greater sagebrush cover and density, and more clayey soils were typically associated with greater height. Biological crust presence was also positively associated with enhanced sagebrush canopy growth, but adding more demographically or morphologically explicit descriptions of biocrust communities did not improve explanatory power. Increasing heatload had a negative effect on sagebrush canopy structure growth, and increased mean annual precipitation was only associated with greater sagebrush height. Given that conservation and restoration of the sagebrush steppe ecosystems has become a priority for land managers, the associations we identify between gradients in post‐fire sagebrush canopy structure growth and field‐identifiable soil characteristics may improve planning of land treatments for sagebrush restoration and the understanding of semi‐arid ecosystem functioning and post‐disturbance dynamics.
AbstractList	Abstract Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and restore ecosystem functioning. While several studies have explored the effects of landscape and climate factors on the success or failure of sagebrush seeding, the influence of soil properties on gradients of shrub canopy structure in successfully seeded areas remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated associations between soil properties and gradients in sagebrush canopy structure in stands that had successfully reestablished after fire and subsequent seeding treatments. Using a dataset collected across the Great Basin, USA, of sagebrush stands that had burned and reestablished between 1986 and 2013, we tested soil depth and texture, soil surface classification, biological soil crusts plus mean historical precipitation, solar heatload, and fire history as modeling variables to explore gradients in sagebrush canopy structure growth in terms of cover, height, and density. Deeper soils were associated with greater sagebrush canopy structure development in terms of plant density and percent cover, coarser textured soils were associated with greater sagebrush cover and density, and more clayey soils were typically associated with greater height. Biological crust presence was also positively associated with enhanced sagebrush canopy growth, but adding more demographically or morphologically explicit descriptions of biocrust communities did not improve explanatory power. Increasing heatload had a negative effect on sagebrush canopy structure growth, and increased mean annual precipitation was only associated with greater sagebrush height. Given that conservation and restoration of the sagebrush steppe ecosystems has become a priority for land managers, the associations we identify between gradients in post‐fire sagebrush canopy structure growth and field‐identifiable soil characteristics may improve planning of land treatments for sagebrush restoration and the understanding of semi‐arid ecosystem functioning and post‐disturbance dynamics. Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and restore ecosystem functioning. While several studies have explored the effects of landscape and climate factors on the success or failure of sagebrush seeding, the influence of soil properties on gradients of shrub canopy structure in successfully seeded areas remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated associations between soil properties and gradients in sagebrush canopy structure in stands that had successfully reestablished after fire and subsequent seeding treatments. Using a dataset collected across the Great Basin, USA, of sagebrush stands that had burned and reestablished between 1986 and 2013, we tested soil depth and texture, soil surface classification, biological soil crusts plus mean historical precipitation, solar heatload, and fire history as modeling variables to explore gradients in sagebrush canopy structure growth in terms of cover, height, and density. Deeper soils were associated with greater sagebrush canopy structure development in terms of plant density and percent cover, coarser textured soils were associated with greater sagebrush cover and density, and more clayey soils were typically associated with greater height. Biological crust presence was also positively associated with enhanced sagebrush canopy growth, but adding more demographically or morphologically explicit descriptions of biocrust communities did not improve explanatory power. Increasing heatload had a negative effect on sagebrush canopy structure growth, and increased mean annual precipitation was only associated with greater sagebrush height. Given that conservation and restoration of the sagebrush steppe ecosystems has become a priority for land managers, the associations we identify between gradients in post‐fire sagebrush canopy structure growth and field‐identifiable soil characteristics may improve planning of land treatments for sagebrush restoration and the understanding of semi‐arid ecosystem functioning and post‐disturbance dynamics. Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and restore ecosystem functioning. While several studies have explored the effects of landscape and climate factors on the success or failure of sagebrush seeding, the influence of soil properties on gradients of shrub canopy structure in successfully seeded areas remains largely unexplored. In this study, we evaluated associations between soil properties and gradients in sagebrush canopy structure in stands that had successfully reestablished after fire and subsequent seeding treatments. Using a dataset collected across the Great Basin, USA , of sagebrush stands that had burned and reestablished between 1986 and 2013, we tested soil depth and texture, soil surface classification, biological soil crusts plus mean historical precipitation, solar heatload, and fire history as modeling variables to explore gradients in sagebrush canopy structure growth in terms of cover, height, and density. Deeper soils were associated with greater sagebrush canopy structure development in terms of plant density and percent cover, coarser textured soils were associated with greater sagebrush cover and density, and more clayey soils were typically associated with greater height. Biological crust presence was also positively associated with enhanced sagebrush canopy growth, but adding more demographically or morphologically explicit descriptions of biocrust communities did not improve explanatory power. Increasing heatload had a negative effect on sagebrush canopy structure growth, and increased mean annual precipitation was only associated with greater sagebrush height. Given that conservation and restoration of the sagebrush steppe ecosystems has become a priority for land managers, the associations we identify between gradients in post‐fire sagebrush canopy structure growth and field‐identifiable soil characteristics may improve planning of land treatments for sagebrush restoration and the understanding of semi‐arid ecosystem functioning and post‐disturbance dynamics.
Author	Pilliod, David S. Pyke, David A. Arkle, Robert S. Germino, Matthew J. Shriver, Robert K. Bradford, John B. Duniway, Michael C. Welty, Justin L. Barnard, David M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: David M. surname: Barnard fullname: Barnard, David M. email: david.barnard@usda.gov organization: Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Matthew J. orcidid: 0000-0001-6326-7579 surname: Germino fullname: Germino, Matthew J. organization: Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center – sequence: 3 givenname: Robert S. surname: Arkle fullname: Arkle, Robert S. organization: Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center – sequence: 4 givenname: John B. orcidid: 0000-0001-9257-6303 surname: Bradford fullname: Bradford, John B. organization: Southwest Biological Science Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael C. orcidid: 0000-0002-9643-2785 surname: Duniway fullname: Duniway, Michael C. organization: Southwest Biological Science Center – sequence: 6 givenname: David S. orcidid: 0000-0003-4207-3518 surname: Pilliod fullname: Pilliod, David S. organization: Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center – sequence: 7 givenname: David A. orcidid: 0000-0002-4578-8335 surname: Pyke fullname: Pyke, David A. organization: Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center – sequence: 8 givenname: Robert K. orcidid: 0000-0002-4590-4834 surname: Shriver fullname: Shriver, Robert K. organization: Southwest Biological Science Center – sequence: 9 givenname: Justin L. orcidid: 0000-0001-7829-7324 surname: Welty fullname: Welty, Justin L. organization: Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
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Cites_doi	10.1007/s11104-017-3300-3 10.2307/1943158 10.1111/1365-2664.12679 10.1016/j.rama.2017.07.004 10.1007/s10021-018-0230-8 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.09.019 10.1111/1365-2745.12266 10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1400:SMASFI]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/1365-2664.12309 10.1002/hyp.6325 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.025 10.1016/j.rama.2018.02.007 10.1016/j.tree.2008.10.008 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02087.x 10.3133/ds806 10.1111/rec.12940 10.32614/RJ-2017-066 10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_21 10.1016/j.still.2015.04.010 10.3133/cir1416 10.2136/sssaj2017.04.0122 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000325 10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.001 10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_3 10.1016/j.rama.2017.07.003 10.1111/rec.12938 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.013 10.1002/ece3.2448 10.1890/05-1991 10.2307/4003959 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.010 10.1007/s10980-018-0662-8 10.1071/WF13012 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01036.x 10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x 10.1007/s11258-017-0743-9 10.1002/eco.1875 10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[261:ROBSFF]2.0.CO;2 10.1111/gcb.14374
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Copyright	Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Ecosphere published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Ecological Society of America. Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jun 2019
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Snippet	Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and restore... Abstract Reestablishing shrub canopy cover after disturbance in semi‐arid ecosystems, such as sagebrush steppe, is essential to provide wildlife habitat and...
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SubjectTerms	Artemisia tridentata atmospheric precipitation basins biological crusts biological soil crusts Canopies canopy clay soils climatic factors data collection ecological footprint Ecological function Ecosystems Estimates explanatory model fire fire history Great Basin States Land management landscapes Morphology pedoderm planning Plant communities plant density Precipitation restoration islands shrubs Soil depth Soil properties Soil surfaces Soil testing Soil texture sowing Steppes texture Vegetation Wildlife habitats
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Title	Soil characteristics are associated with gradients of big sagebrush canopy structure after disturbance
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