Melt rates in the kilometer-size grounding zone of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, before and during a retreat
Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the ocean with grounded ice-or grounding line-is, however, not well known. Here, we employ a time series of satellite r...
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| Vydáno v: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Ročník 120; číslo 20; s. e2220924120 |
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United States
16.05.2023
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| ISSN: | 1091-6490, 1091-6490 |
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| Abstract | Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the ocean with grounded ice-or grounding line-is, however, not well known. Here, we employ a time series of satellite radar interferometry data from the German TanDEM-X mission, the Italian COSMO-SkyMed constellation, and the Finnish ICEYE constellation to document the grounding line migration and basal melt rates of Petermann Glacier, a major marine-based glacier of Northwest Greenland. We find that the grounding line migrates at tidal frequencies over a kilometer-wide (2 to 6 km) grounding zone, which is one order of magnitude larger than expected for grounding lines on a rigid bed. The highest ice shelf melt rates are recorded within the grounding zone with values from 60 ± 13 to 80 ± 15 m/y along laterally confined channels. As the grounding line retreated by 3.8 km in 2016 to 2022, it carved a cavity about 204 m in height where melt rates increased from 40 ± 11 m/y in 2016 to 2019 to 60 ± 15 m/y in 2020 to 2021. In 2022, the cavity remained open during the entire tidal cycle. Such high melt rates concentrated in kilometer-wide grounding zones contrast with the traditional plume model of grounding line melt which predicts zero melt. High rates of simulated basal melting in grounded glacier ice in numerical models will increase the glacier sensitivity to ocean warming and potentially double projections of sea level rise. |
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| AbstractList | Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the ocean with grounded ice-or grounding line-is, however, not well known. Here, we employ a time series of satellite radar interferometry data from the German TanDEM-X mission, the Italian COSMO-SkyMed constellation, and the Finnish ICEYE constellation to document the grounding line migration and basal melt rates of Petermann Glacier, a major marine-based glacier of Northwest Greenland. We find that the grounding line migrates at tidal frequencies over a kilometer-wide (2 to 6 km) grounding zone, which is one order of magnitude larger than expected for grounding lines on a rigid bed. The highest ice shelf melt rates are recorded within the grounding zone with values from 60 ± 13 to 80 ± 15 m/y along laterally confined channels. As the grounding line retreated by 3.8 km in 2016 to 2022, it carved a cavity about 204 m in height where melt rates increased from 40 ± 11 m/y in 2016 to 2019 to 60 ± 15 m/y in 2020 to 2021. In 2022, the cavity remained open during the entire tidal cycle. Such high melt rates concentrated in kilometer-wide grounding zones contrast with the traditional plume model of grounding line melt which predicts zero melt. High rates of simulated basal melting in grounded glacier ice in numerical models will increase the glacier sensitivity to ocean warming and potentially double projections of sea level rise. Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the ocean with grounded ice-or grounding line-is, however, not well known. Here, we employ a time series of satellite radar interferometry data from the German TanDEM-X mission, the Italian COSMO-SkyMed constellation, and the Finnish ICEYE constellation to document the grounding line migration and basal melt rates of Petermann Glacier, a major marine-based glacier of Northwest Greenland. We find that the grounding line migrates at tidal frequencies over a kilometer-wide (2 to 6 km) grounding zone, which is one order of magnitude larger than expected for grounding lines on a rigid bed. The highest ice shelf melt rates are recorded within the grounding zone with values from 60 ± 13 to 80 ± 15 m/y along laterally confined channels. As the grounding line retreated by 3.8 km in 2016 to 2022, it carved a cavity about 204 m in height where melt rates increased from 40 ± 11 m/y in 2016 to 2019 to 60 ± 15 m/y in 2020 to 2021. In 2022, the cavity remained open during the entire tidal cycle. Such high melt rates concentrated in kilometer-wide grounding zones contrast with the traditional plume model of grounding line melt which predicts zero melt. High rates of simulated basal melting in grounded glacier ice in numerical models will increase the glacier sensitivity to ocean warming and potentially double projections of sea level rise.Warming of the ocean waters surrounding Greenland plays a major role in driving glacier retreat and the contribution of glaciers to sea level rise. The melt rate at the junction of the ocean with grounded ice-or grounding line-is, however, not well known. Here, we employ a time series of satellite radar interferometry data from the German TanDEM-X mission, the Italian COSMO-SkyMed constellation, and the Finnish ICEYE constellation to document the grounding line migration and basal melt rates of Petermann Glacier, a major marine-based glacier of Northwest Greenland. We find that the grounding line migrates at tidal frequencies over a kilometer-wide (2 to 6 km) grounding zone, which is one order of magnitude larger than expected for grounding lines on a rigid bed. The highest ice shelf melt rates are recorded within the grounding zone with values from 60 ± 13 to 80 ± 15 m/y along laterally confined channels. As the grounding line retreated by 3.8 km in 2016 to 2022, it carved a cavity about 204 m in height where melt rates increased from 40 ± 11 m/y in 2016 to 2019 to 60 ± 15 m/y in 2020 to 2021. In 2022, the cavity remained open during the entire tidal cycle. Such high melt rates concentrated in kilometer-wide grounding zones contrast with the traditional plume model of grounding line melt which predicts zero melt. High rates of simulated basal melting in grounded glacier ice in numerical models will increase the glacier sensitivity to ocean warming and potentially double projections of sea level rise. |
| Author | Wollersheim, Michael Bueso-Bello, Jose-Luis Scheuchl, Bernd An, Lu Ciracì, Enrico Rizzoli, Paola Rignot, Eric Dini, Luigi Milillo, Pietro Tolpekin, Valentyn |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Enrico orcidid: 0000-0003-4332-3929 surname: Ciracì fullname: Ciracì, Enrico organization: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 – sequence: 2 givenname: Eric orcidid: 0000-0002-3366-0481 surname: Rignot fullname: Rignot, Eric organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 – sequence: 3 givenname: Bernd orcidid: 0000-0001-5947-7709 surname: Scheuchl fullname: Scheuchl, Bernd organization: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 – sequence: 4 givenname: Valentyn orcidid: 0000-0003-4517-113X surname: Tolpekin fullname: Tolpekin, Valentyn organization: ICEYE Ltd., 2150 Espoo, Finland – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael surname: Wollersheim fullname: Wollersheim, Michael organization: ICEYE Ltd., 2150 Espoo, Finland – sequence: 6 givenname: Lu orcidid: 0000-0003-3507-5953 surname: An fullname: An, Lu organization: Center for Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Pietro orcidid: 0000-0002-1171-3976 surname: Milillo fullname: Milillo, Pietro organization: Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, 82234 Munich, Germany – sequence: 8 givenname: Jose-Luis orcidid: 0000-0003-3464-2186 surname: Bueso-Bello fullname: Bueso-Bello, Jose-Luis organization: Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, 82234 Munich, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Paola orcidid: 0000-0001-9118-2732 surname: Rizzoli fullname: Rizzoli, Paola organization: Microwaves and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center, 82234 Munich, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Luigi surname: Dini fullname: Dini, Luigi organization: Space Geodesy Centre Giuseppe Colombo, Italian Space Agency, 75100 Matera, Italy |
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| Title | Melt rates in the kilometer-size grounding zone of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, before and during a retreat |
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